Facial soft tissue thickness in Japanese female children

Utsuno, Hajime; Kageyama, Toru; Deguchi, Toshio; Yoshino, Mineo; Miyazawa, Hiroo; Inoue, Katsuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.010

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Facial reconstruction / approximation is based on STT data and the debate in literature concerns the validity of using data specific to populations, sexes and age groups [4][5][6][7]11,[13][14][15][16]20,29,32,34]. Some authors argued that generalized pooled data can be used, ignoring these possible variants [18,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors argued that generalized pooled data can be used, ignoring these possible variants [18,[23][24][25]. However, most authors agree that adult and juvenile STT are different, but do not agree on how age categories should be divided [4,5,[11][12][13][14][15][16]23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] and Utsuno [14,15] pooled children of less than 9 years, from 10 -12 years and age 13 and above together. This grouping coincides better with the childhood, juvenile and puberty phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies on children from countries other than the USA were found and included Hispanic [5], White British [4] and female Japanese children [14,15]. Data on STT for South African children are still absent in the scientific literature and adult data cannot be used as studies have shown that STT changes with age, especially between the ages of 6 and 13 [4,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soft tissue thickness values for black and coloured South African children aged 6–13 years

Briers¹,

Briers²,

Becker³

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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Highlights• Population data for facial soft tissue thickness (STT) of Black and Coloured South African children are provided for facial reconstruction / approximation of juvenile remains.• STT data should be pooled as two age groups subdivided at age 10 with ancestry taken into account.• Sex should not be considered as it seems not to impact STT with more than 2 mm at any landmark.• STTs in Coloured children are generally larger than in Black children. AbstractIn children, craniofacial changes due to facial growth complicate facial approximations and require specific knowledge of soft tissue thicknesses (STT). The lack of South African juvenile STT standards of particular age groups, sex and ancestry is problematic. According to forensic artists in the South African Police Service the use of African-American values to reconstruct faces of Black South African children yields poor results. In order to perform a facial approximation that presents a true reflection of the child in question, information regarding 2 differences in facial soft tissue at different ages, sexes and ancestry groups is needed. The aims of this study were to provide data on STT of South African Black and Coloured children and to to assess differences in STT with respect to age, sex and ancestry. STT was measured using cephalograms of South African children (n = 388), aged 6 -13 years. After digitizing the images, STT measurements were taken at ten mid-facial landmarks from each image using the iTEM measuring program. STT comparisons between groups per age, sex and ancestry were statistically analyzed. The results showed that STT differences at lower face landmarks are more pronounced in age groups per ancestry as opposed to differences per age and sex. Generally, an increase in STT was seen between 6 -10 year old groups and 11 -13 year old groups, regardless of ancestry and sex, at the midphiltrum, labiale inferius, pogonion, and beneath chin landmarks.This research created a reference dataset for STT of South African children of Black and Coloured ancestry per age and sex that will be useful for facial reconstruction / approximation of juvenile remains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Soft tissue thickness values for black and coloured South African children aged 6–13 years

Briers¹,

Briers²,

Becker³

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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“…29 Besides this fact, the dento-skeletal changes can directly influence the desired esthetics. The soft tissue may also vary in thickness, length and position, which makes the study of the outline of these tissues necessary, in order to achieve a total facial harmony.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients

Fernandes

Pinzan

Sathler

et al. 2013

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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Objective: To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese-Brazilian, with normal occlusion and compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids. Methods: Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face. The samples were divided by gender due to the soft tissue characteristics and to facilitate comparison. The following statistical tests were performed: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p < 0.05. Results:The Japanese-Brazilian sample of females showed thinner soft tissues in the nasion region and smaller nose when compared to the Caucasians. The Mongoloid sample showed thinner tissues in the supramentonian and pogonion regions. In males, the Japanese-Brazilians had thinner tissues in the nasion region; thicker lower lip and supramentonian region in comparison to the Caucasian sample. For the Mongoloid, soft tissue was thicker in the glabella and ANS-Sn regions. Conclusion: It is necessary to use specific soft tissue standards for this mixed race. Keywords: Ethnic groups. Reference values. Orthodontics.Objetivo: determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas tegumentares de jovens mestiços nipo-brasileiros com oclusão normal, e compará-los com amostras compatíveis de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas. Métodos: foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipo-brasileiros e 33 de xantodermas. As três amostras apresentavam indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada. As amostras foram divididas por sexo devido às características do tecido mole e para facilitar a comparação. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA) e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) com p < 0,05. Resultados: a amostra nipo-brasileira para o sexo feminino apresentou menor espessura na região do násio e menor nariz em relação aos leucodermas. Em relação à amostra xantoderma, menor espessura na região supramentoniana e pogônio. No sexo masculino, os nipo-brasileiros apresentaram menor espessura na região do násio, maior espessura do lábio inferior e da região supramentoniana em relação à amostra leucoderma. Em relação aos xantodermas, maior espessura na região da glabela e da ENA-Sn. Conclusão: verificou-se a necessidade de se utilizar normas de tecido mole específicas para essa raça miscigenada.Palavras-chave: Grupos étnicos. Valores de referência. Ortodontia.

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Craniofacial Analysis and Identification

Wilkinson¹

2015

Forensic Facial Identification

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Facial soft tissue thickness in Japanese female children

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Soft tissue thickness values for black and coloured South African children aged 6–13 years

Soft tissue thickness values for black and coloured South African children aged 6–13 years

Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients

Craniofacial Analysis and Identification

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