Microwave remote sensing of the Southern Ocean ice cover

Comiso, Josefino C.; Grenfell, Thomas C.; Lange, Manfred A.; Lohanick, Alan W.; Moore, R. K.; Wadhams, Peter

doi:10.1029/gm068p0243

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is explained by considering that transient eddy formation, or cyclogenesis, is linked strongly to sea surface temperature gradients and the location of the strongest surface temperature gradient around Antarctica roughly matches the extent of the sea ice during winter [ Grotjahn , 1993]. The sea ice along the lower right portion of Antarctica seen in Figure 8h extends a much smaller distance from the coast when compared with the sea ice extent for the coastal region at the top of the map of Antarctica [ Comiso et al , 1992]. Therefore transient eddies that form in locations where the sea ice does not extend as far off the coast contain more energy when they reach the Antarctic coast.…”

Section: Relationship Between Mean Ssm/t‐2 W and Surface Elevation Ovsupporting

confidence: 75%

Retrieval of precipitable water using Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature‐2 (SSM/T‐2) millimeter‐wave radiometric measurements

Manning

Wang

2003

Radio Science

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[1] Four years of Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature-2 (SSM/T-2) measurements over the high-latitude regions of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are used to retrieve precipitable water W < 0.8 cm. The retrieved W values compare well with several thousand near-concurrent radiosonde-derived estimates of W. Additionally, very good agreement is found between the retrieved SSM/T-2 W values and continuous ground-based radiometer-derived estimates of W during a couple of extended time periods. A bias (0.03-0.06 cm) exists between the W values retrieved from the SSM/T-2 and the values derived from the radiosonde/radiometer observations. This bias is caused primarily by the assumption of equivalent surface emissivity across the 150-183 GHz frequency range that is made during the development of the retrieval algorithm. The spatial distribution of the SSM/T-2-retrieved winter mean W values is examined together with digital elevation models for both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. This detailed comparison conveys expected climatological characteristics that are quite sensible when the combined effects of the surface elevation and the general atmospheric circulation patterns near and over the ice sheets are considered in unison. The SSM/T-2 W retrieval presented provides accurate W information with a high sampling rate for the potentially climate change-sensitive polar regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Citation: Manning, W., and J. R. Wang, Retrieval of precipitable water using Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature-2 (SSM/T-2) millimeter-wave radiometric measurements,

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Section: Relationship Between Mean Ssm/t‐2 W and Surface Elevation Ovsupporting

confidence: 75%

Retrieval of precipitable water using Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature‐2 (SSM/T‐2) millimeter‐wave radiometric measurements

Manning

Wang

2003

Radio Science

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“…In marginal and seasonal ice zones (MSIZs), regular series of band-like features of sea ice are frequently observed, mainly during the ice melting season (e.g., Comiso et al, 1992). These features are formed by small ice floes, which typically measure 10-100 m in diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice‐band characteristics of the Antarctic seasonal ice zone observed using MOS MESSR images

Ishida

Ohshima

2009

Atmosphere-Ocean

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“…The polarization ratio takes values around 0.2 over calm open water and around 0.03 over 100% sea ice (Comiso et al 1992). Inserting equation (1) into equation (2) and solving for C leads to…”

Section: Basic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Figure 1(b) shows the ice concentration that would be calculated with equation (3) for a dry, clear-sky atmosphere over a wind-driven sea surface. Tie points shown in the top are based on in situ measurements (Comiso et al 1992). Typical wind speeds of 10-15 m s 21 cause an ice-concentration overestimation of 20-40%.…”

Section: Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for medium-resolution sea ice analysis using weather-influence corrected Special Sensor Microwave/Imager 85 GHz data

Kern¹

2004

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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A detailed description of a new method for sea ice analysis using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperature measurements (SEA LION algorithm) is given. The SEA LION algorithm uses the normalized brightness temperature polarization difference at 85 GHz. This polarization difference is corrected for the change in brightness temperatures due to sea surface scattering and absorption/emission by atmospheric water (weather influence). This is achieved by taking low-frequency SSM/I data and Numerical Weather Prediction model data for radiative transfer calculations. Tie points are derived from 85 GHz SSM/I data over a period of at least 10 days/one month focused around the period of investigation. The difference between measured and modelled polarization difference is minimized by iteration to obtain the sea ice concentration. The SEA LION algorithm was applied to daily gridded and single overpass 85 GHz SSM/I data. Resulting 12.5 km612.5 km ice concentrations are compared to those of the NASA-Team and the COMISO-Bootstrap algorithms, to ship observations, and to space-borne visible/infrared (VIS/IR) and active microwave imagery. The SEA LION algorithm ice edge agrees within 10 km with VIS/IR imagery. The across ice-edge SEA LION algorithm iceconcentration gradient is considerably steeper than that of the NASA-Team and COMISO-Bootstrap algorithm ice concentration and agrees with active microwave imagery. Arctic SEA LION ice concentrations compare to those obtained from classified active microwave imagery with a correlation (regression) coefficient of 0.84 (0.77) and a difference of 24.4% (NASA-Team algorithm: 0.85 (0.57) and 28.5%).

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Microwave remote sensing of the Southern Ocean ice cover

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Retrieval of precipitable water using Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature‐2 (SSM/T‐2) millimeter‐wave radiometric measurements

Retrieval of precipitable water using Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature‐2 (SSM/T‐2) millimeter‐wave radiometric measurements

Ice‐band characteristics of the Antarctic seasonal ice zone observed using MOS MESSR images

A new method for medium-resolution sea ice analysis using weather-influence corrected Special Sensor Microwave/Imager 85 GHz data

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