Ice‐band characteristics of the Antarctic seasonal ice zone observed using MOS MESSR images

Ishida, Kunimitsu; Ohshima, Κay I.

doi:10.3137/oc300.2009

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“… Wadhams [2000] suggests that fetch‐limited wind waves between floes can create bands of high ice concentration under the off‐ice wind (wave radiation pressure mechanism). This theory was found to agree with many observations in terms of the width of bands, wind speed, and wind direction [ Wadhams , 1983; Johannessen et al , 1992; Wadhams , 2000; Ishida and Ohshima , 2009].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Under the off‐ice wind, the forcing function (the right hand side of ) is a delta function, and this makes it difficult to find a wave solution that satisfies the continuity condition at ζ = 0 even when the condition is supercritical. It is known that the off‐ice wind generates ice bands by the wave pressure radiation [ Johannessen et al , 1992; Wadhams , 2000; Ishida and Ohshima , 2009], which is not taken into account in this study. It appears the off‐ice wind is not particularly efficient in producing ice bands by the lee‐wave generation mechanism.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Analytical Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ice bands are long strips of ice floes often observed near the ice edge; they are generally parallel to but separated from the edge of the main ice pack. The width of an ice band is typically 1–6 km and the band region can be as far as 100 km from the main ice pack [ Wadhams , 2000; Ishida and Ohshima , 2009]. Ice bands are often found during off‐ice (wind blowing away from the ice field) or varying wind conditions) [ Johannessen et al , 1992; Wadhams , 2000; Ishida and Ohshima , 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The width of an ice band is typically 1-6 km and the band region can be as far as 100 km from the main ice pack [Wadhams, 2000;Ishida and Ohshima, 2009]. Ice bands are often found during off-ice (wind blowing away from the ice field) or varying wind conditions) [Johannessen et al, 1992;Wadhams, 2000;Ishida and Ohshima, 2009]. Various generation mechanisms have been suggested to explain how ice bands are formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of ice bands by winds

Fujisaki

Oey

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] A mechanism for the formation of ice bands is proposed as a coupled response of ice edge and lee waves to wind under the hydrostatic approximation. A high-resolution ice-ocean coupled model is used in an x-z domain with grid sizes (x, z) = (250 m, 1 m). Under an along-ice-edge wind, such that the Ekman transport is away from the ice edge, the nearly discontinuous surface stress between the ice-covered and open seas generates lee waves. A thin layer of high-potential vorticity fluid under the ice is produced by the Ekman forcing, enabling the ice edge to rapidly slip over less stratified water. This is favorable for supercritical conditions when lee waves are generated. Ice bands are formed by the corresponding convergences and divergences. The flow becomes subcritical farther behind the ice-edge but secondary lee waves and ice bands form because of the secondary stress discontinuity behind the lead ice band. An analytical solution is derived to show that ice bands have longer widths than the lee-wavelengths because the ice-ocean stress creates the smoothing effect. Vertical motions associated with the lee waves have speed of the order of 10 m/day, extend to the bottom (300 m), and contribute to deep vertical mixing and the subsequent melting of the ice. These small-scale features are not modeled well with horizontal grids coarser than approximately 2.5 km.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Numerical Results and Analytical Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of ice bands by winds

Fujisaki

Oey

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…One characteristic of the submesoscale phenomena in MIZs is ice bands. For example, (M uench and Charnel, 1977), the Sea of Okhotsk (Saiki and M itsudera, 2016), and the Southern Ocean (Ishida and Ohshima, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of ice-band pattern formation caused by resonant interaction between sea ice and internal waves in a continuously stratified ocean

Saiki

Mitsudera

Fujisaki‐Manome

et al. 2021

Progress in Oceanography

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A Mechanism of Ice-Band Pattern Formation Caused by Resonant Interaction between Sea Ice and Internal Waves: A Theory

Saiki

Mitsudera

2016

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Ice bands are frequently observed over marginal ice zones in polar seas. A typical ice-band pattern has a regular spacing of about 10 km and extends over 100 km in the marginal ice zone. Further, the long axis of an ice band lies to the left (right) with respect to the wind direction in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. Here, the study shows that the resonance between ice-band pattern propagation and internal inertia–gravity waves below the sea ice well explains the ice-band pattern formation. Internal waves are generated by the difference between the stress on the open water and the stress on ice-covered water. This in turn reinforces the formation of an ice-band pattern with a regular band spacing. Specifically, the authors have found the following: 1) A band spacing on the order of 10 km is selected by the resonance condition in which the ice-band pattern propagation speed coincides with the phase speed of internal inertia–gravity waves. 2) The ice bands tend to develop favorably when the wind direction and the band propagation direction are nearly parallel. The velocity acceleration caused by the periodic differential stress associated with the ice bands, driven by the wind parallel to the band propagation direction, is important. The wind direction may turn to the left (right) slightly in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere as a result of the Coriolis force acting on ice. Satellite images confirmed that the band spacing of the ice-band pattern in the polar seas is consistent with this theory.

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Ice‐band characteristics of the Antarctic seasonal ice zone observed using MOS MESSR images

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Formation of ice bands by winds

Formation of ice bands by winds

Mechanism of ice-band pattern formation caused by resonant interaction between sea ice and internal waves in a continuously stratified ocean

A Mechanism of Ice-Band Pattern Formation Caused by Resonant Interaction between Sea Ice and Internal Waves: A Theory

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