Microwave assisted synthesis of metal‐organic framework MIL‐101 nanocrystals as sorbent and pseudostationary phase in capillary electrophoresis for the separation of anthraquinones in environmental water samples

Abstract

In this work, a CE method was developed to separate five anthraquinones: aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion. The CE method used a nano-sized metal organic framework MIL-101 (nMIL-101) as pseudostationary phase (PSP) and sorbent for dispersed particle extraction (DPE). The nMIL-101 was synthesized by microwave technique and was characterized by UV-vis, TEM, Zeta potential, X-ray diffraction spectrometry and micropore physisorption. In this method, anthraquinones were adsorbed by nMIL-101 of a fast kinetics within 10 min and then separated by CE. The CE conditions were optimized considering time, pH, buffer ionic strength, and nanoparticles concentration. The optimal CE condition is using 20 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 9.1) containing 15% methanol (v/v) and 400 mg/L nMIL-101 as additives within 8 min. The LODs varied from 24 to 57 μg/L, which were lower than those previously reported. Our method has been successfully applied to determine trace anthraquinones in environmental water samples.

Three Minute Ultrarapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Bright Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots for Live Cell Staining and White LEDs

“…Over other traditional synthetic approaches, the microwave route has the advantages of the super-rapid and uniform process in the preparation of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, − metal–organic frameworks, − graphene oxide, − and nanowires − due to its dielectric heating. The benefits of the route contribute to setting aside an army of time and energy sources, and providing a low-cost and highly efficient synthesis process.…”

Recent advances in nanomaterial‐based capillary electrophoresis

“…These qualities of the established CE method originated from the unique structure of the 3D porous frameworks, high resistibility within pH 0–12, robustness in wide solvent conditions, and surface charges with large surface area of nMIL‐101. Moreover, this method showed good potential to analyze anthraquinones in water samples in CE separation .…”

The Properties of Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Applications

“…The adsorption of CO 2 by MOF-205 was found to be very high according to its large pore volume and surface area. In another work, five MOFs with aluminium metal (NH 2 -MIL-53, MIL-53, MIL-100, DUT-4, DUT-5) were prepared by MW irradiation in ethanol or water within 2 h and at a temperature range of 120–210 °C [ 109 ]. The catalytic efficacy of MOFs was analysed for the conversion of methyl phenyl sulphide to phenyl sulfoxide, as shown in Scheme 4 .…”

“…Nano-MIL-101 (nMIL-101) was synthesised by MW heating and used for separating anthraquinones (emodin, rhein, aloeemodin, physcion, and chrysophanol) by using a pseudostationary phase (PSP) and dispersed particle extraction (DPE) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) from water samples [ 109 ]. Here, nMIL-101 was dependent on pH alteration within 7.5–9.5.…”