Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Silver Nanoparticles Gel for Wound Dressing Applications

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to fabricate chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ag nanoparticles (CPA) gels with microwave-assistance for skin applications. Microwave irradiation was employed to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles and to crosslink chitosan (CS) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The presence of silver nanoparticles in CPA gels matrix was examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The interaction of CS and PVA was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The release of silver ions was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The antimicrobial properties of CPA gels againstP. aeruginosaandS. aureuswere investigated using agar diffusion method. Finally, the biocompatibility and wound-healing ability of the gels were studied using fibroblast cells (in vitro) and mice models (in vivo). In conclusion, the results showed that CPA gels were successfully fabricated using microwave irradiation method. These gels can be applied to heal an open wound thanks to their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.

Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Carrier of Silver Nanoparticles in Short Exposure Time

“…As the time of microwave exposure increases, the absorbance of O-H stretch, C-H stretch, and CH 2 /CH 3 bend decreases. This reproduces the results in previous reports that PVA molecule undergoes elimination reaction and hydroxyl groups decrease [9,12]. Subsequently, some C-OH groups theoretically form double bonds C=O causing the reduction of CH 2 and C-H stretch, while some may lead to polymer dehydration with the formation of ether groups between PVA molecules, which is shown by the changes in peak around C-O stretch.…”

“…However, many studies proved that inappropriate size and concentration of AgNPs are toxic to mammalian cells [4][5][6]. Therefore, rather than using pure AgNPs, a carrier or stabilizer to control the size and enhance the surface interaction is generally necessary [7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…Taking the advantages of this phenomenon, adding Ag + ions in PVA solution will cause a redox reaction between Ag + , an oxidant, and reactive PVA, a reductant. In previous studies, PVA was proven to be a potential carrier/stabilizer for the synthesis of AgNPs [9]. Moreover, thermal stimulation of PVA could occur without the need of additional catalyst or cross-linker that may induce harmful effects to the body [9].…”

Synthesis of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels as a Novel Drug Release Device for Wound Healing

“…The viability value of 70 % is determined as threshold between cytotoxicity and non-cytotoxicity [35]. It was shown that the plain hydrogel namely PVA-CS-PCL has no cytotoxic effects.…”

In Vivo Study of the Antibacterial Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Loaded with Silver Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications

“…In recent decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated for various biomedical applications and are considered to be the "material of the 21st century" because of their unique designs and property combinations compared with conventional materials [1,2]. There is a wide range of applications of NPs such as in human health appliances, industrial fields, medical applications, biomedical fields, engineering, electronics, and environmental studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”