Microwave assisted organocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in a monophasic green solvent system

Abstract

Monophasic microwave assisted dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) catalyzed by p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) was studied in non-aqueous organic solvents.

Polyvinyl Alcohol Functionalized Solid Acid Catalyst DICAT‐1 for Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Green Solvent

“…However, the use of DMF and DMSO is not ecologically favorable and is energy inefficient due their high boiling points, which makes separation complicated. Our previous study demonstrated the use of IPA as an efficient solvent system that also afforded easy separation in the presence of the homogeneous catalyst p ‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) . In the case of heterogeneous catalysis, both the selectivity of the catalyst and reaction solvent play important roles .…”

“…Our previous study demonstrated the use of IPAa sa ne fficient solvents ystem that also afforded easy separationi nt he presence of the homogeneous catalyst ptoluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). [30] In the case of heterogeneous catalysis, both the selectivityo ft he catalyst and reaction solvent play important roles. [46] Theu se of low-boiling solvents for the heterogeneous catalytic production of 5-HMF has generally failed to give yields higher than 80 %.…”

“…MW‐assisted synthetic processes have proven to be energy efficient compared with conventional heating ones on account of the ability of MWs to intensify most catalytic chemical reactions . Thus, in continuation of our previous work on the homogeneous acid catalyzed MW‐assisted synthesis of 5‐HMF in a green, low‐boiling solvent system, herein we demonstrate the development of a green, energy‐efficient, and eco‐friendly process for the MW‐assisted synthesis of 5‐HMF involving a heterogeneous surface‐selective solid acid catalyst DIC A T‐1 (Scheme ). The catalyst DIC A T‐1 (an acronym derived from DBT‐ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology Catalyst #1) is an indigenously prepared polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) supported sulfonic acid catalyst .…”

LiCl-promoted-dehydration of fructose-based carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in isopropanol

“…Fortunately, the renewable isopropanol (i-PrOH) was found to be effective to mediate the dehydration reaction efficiently to produce HMF. 25,26 It has low boiling point and low environmental toxicity, and thus enables a simple production and isolation of HMF, and offers a new opportunity for a large-scale economically viable process. 24,27 Hence, the i-PrOH will be a promising environment-friendly solvent for HMF production with the LiCl additive.…”

Carbon dots with tunable concentrations of trapped anti-oxidant as an efficient metal-free catalyst for electrochemical water oxidation

“…S8 †). 55 This peak is absent in C20 which indicates the absence of 5-HMF due to complete degradation to the furan derivatives with increased microwave time. Moreover, 5-HMF could be quantied by LC-MS analysis and the abundance of 5-HMF in C5, C10 and C15 is 93, 89 and 9%, respectively.…”