“…There is an increasing intent on enhancing the surface properties of Ti alloys in general by utilizing the LBAM processes (Szost et al, 2016). In different trials self-lubricating composite coatings were deposited on Ti alloys by using LMD and such additions on Ti alloys resulted in friction reduction and improved anti-wear characteristics (Candel et al, 2010;Feng et al, 2012;Weng et al, 2015;Zhai et al, 2017). However, powder is preplaced on the substrate, rather than being injected in the laser-induced melt pool, in most of the mentioned applications.…”
Section: Aerospace Automotive and Power Generationmentioning
Laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) is a versatile manufacturing technique, extensively adopted to fabricate metallic components of enhanced properties. The current review paper provides a critical assessment of the fabricated metallic coatings and parts through LBAM-processes [e.g., laser metal deposition (LMD) and selective laser melting (SLM)] for high temperature tribological applications. A succinct comparison of LBAM-fabrication and conventional manufacturing is given. The review provides an insight into the sophisticated application-driven material design for high temperature tribological contacts. The review highlights the major mechanisms behind the improvement in the tribology of the laser-deposits; properties evolving as a consequence of the microstructure, lamellar solid lubricants, sulfides, soft metals, lubricious oxides, and self-lubricating surfaces.
“…There is an increasing intent on enhancing the surface properties of Ti alloys in general by utilizing the LBAM processes (Szost et al, 2016). In different trials self-lubricating composite coatings were deposited on Ti alloys by using LMD and such additions on Ti alloys resulted in friction reduction and improved anti-wear characteristics (Candel et al, 2010;Feng et al, 2012;Weng et al, 2015;Zhai et al, 2017). However, powder is preplaced on the substrate, rather than being injected in the laser-induced melt pool, in most of the mentioned applications.…”
Section: Aerospace Automotive and Power Generationmentioning
Laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) is a versatile manufacturing technique, extensively adopted to fabricate metallic components of enhanced properties. The current review paper provides a critical assessment of the fabricated metallic coatings and parts through LBAM-processes [e.g., laser metal deposition (LMD) and selective laser melting (SLM)] for high temperature tribological applications. A succinct comparison of LBAM-fabrication and conventional manufacturing is given. The review provides an insight into the sophisticated application-driven material design for high temperature tribological contacts. The review highlights the major mechanisms behind the improvement in the tribology of the laser-deposits; properties evolving as a consequence of the microstructure, lamellar solid lubricants, sulfides, soft metals, lubricious oxides, and self-lubricating surfaces.
“…Under the irradiation of the laser beam, the Ni60 alloy powders with the lowest melting point (1027 • C) melt first, forming the initial molten pool, and with the temperature of the molten pool rising, TiN is decomposed into Ti and N atoms [20] (Figure 7a). Because the temperature of the molten pool is uneven, it is likely that some TiN completely melt, while others partly dissolve [27]. The dissolved atoms are evenly distributed in the laser molten pool due to the stirring action of the convection, and then TiC is formed in-situ with the regeneration of TiN (Figure 7b).…”
Section: Microstructure Of the Coatings Fabricated By Pre-placed Powdmentioning
Abstract:To improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy parts used in the engineering applications, in-situ formed Ti(C,N) particles reinforcing Ni-based composite coatings are fabricated on Ti6Al4V alloys by the laser cladding technique using Ni60, C, TiN, and small amounts of CeO 2 nanoparticles mixed powders as the pre-placed materials. Firstly, the formation mechanism of Ti(C,N) particles as a reinforced phase in the coating is investigated. Then, the influences of CeO 2 nanoparticles on microstructures and wear resistance of the coatings are analyzed. It is indicated that the large Ti(C,N) particles form around TiN particles, and the small Ti(C,N) particles form through independent nucleation. CeO 2 nanoparticles play important roles in increasing the nucleation rate and improving the precipitation of Ti(C,N), hence the microstructures and wear resistance of the coatings are apparently improved after adding CeO 2 nanoparticles. It is observed that the 1 wt % content of CeO 2 additive in the pre-placed powders is the best choice for the wear resistance of the coatings.
“…Wear is one of the common failure modes of mechanical parts, and traditional steel materials find increasing difficulty in meeting the demands of special environments [ 1 ]. To improve the service life of components, surface engineering techniques are widely used in engineering practice [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Surfacing a wear-resistant layer on components is the most common means, which is of great significance for the safe use of workpieces.…”
In this study, a WC-reinforced Ni-based surfacing layer was prepared on Q235 steel plate by plasma arc welding. The effects of nano-Y2O3 with different contents (0 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, and 1.6 wt.%) on the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, and wear resistance of the surfacing layer were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness test, and pin-on-disk test. The results show that the phase composition of the surfacing layer was γ-Ni, FeNi3 solid solution, WC, W2C, M23C6, M6C, Cr7C3, and other carbides. When the addition of nano-Y2O3 was 1.2 wt.%, it has a good improvement on microstructure grain refinement and carbide hard-phase increase. Compared with other contents, 1.2 wt.% nano-Y2O3 surfacing layer has the highest microhardness and the lowest friction coefficient and wear loss. At this time, the wear mechanism is abrasive wear accompanied by slight adhesive wear.
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