Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting

Rafi, H. Khalid; Karthik, N.V.; Gong, Haijun; Starr, Thomas L.; Stucker, Brent

doi:10.1007/s11665-013-0658-0

Cited by 712 publications

(362 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…11a are generated from crack propagation on regions of porosity as reported in the literature [19,23]. Fracture of laser melted Ti-6Al-4V has been recently discussed and it has been speculated that the terraces might have originated as a result of α cleavage or lamellar fracture [17,19,24]. These studies however do not take into account that the terrace size and aspect ratio are more consistent with the prior-β grains of the SLM microstructure rather than the α grains that are a one order of magnitude smaller (section 3.1).…”

Section: Anisotropy Of Slm Ti-6al-4v: Tensile Properties Of Samples Wmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The αʹ grains are contained within elongated prior-β grains that grow epitaxially through successive layer depositions [21][22][23]. It was observed that this microstructure might not be suitable for most of the current applications of α/β Ti alloys as it is typically associated with high strength but poor ductility and possess a certain degree of anisotropy [21,22,24]. In order to achieve a better balance between strength and ductility, several SLM post-processing treatments have been introduced, leading to mechanical properties that are much closer to those of conventionally manufactured titanium alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part quality and mechanical properties (in particular ductility) are however often inconsistent when different SLM systems are used, thus, extensive process development and material testing are still required for the potential establishment of SLM as an alternative manufacturing route of titanium alloys [23][24][25]. In addition, limited work has been done to show the correlation between the microstructure and the crystallographic texture with the mechanical properties of SLM Ti-6Al-4V.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Simonelli

Tse

Tuck

2014

Materials Science and Engineering: A

739

276

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originates from the AM process. To understand the effect of the microstructure on the tensile properties, selective laser melted (SLM) Ti-6Al-4V samples built in three different orientations were tensile tested. The investigated samples were near fully dense, in two distinct conditions, as-built and stress relieved respectively. It was found that the build orientation affects the tensile properties, and in particular the ductility of the samples. The mechanical anisotropy of the parts was discussed in relation to the crystallographic texture, phase composition and the predominant fracture mechanisms. Fractography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results indicate that the predominant fracture mechanism is 2 intergranular fracture along the grain boundaries present and thus provide and explanation for the typical fracture surface features observed in fracture AM Ti-6Al-4V.

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Section: Anisotropy Of Slm Ti-6al-4v: Tensile Properties Of Samples Wmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Simonelli

Tse

Tuck

2014

Materials Science and Engineering: A

739

276

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“…Therefore, the powder bed is maintained at relatively high temperature throughout the process. For instance, for Ti6Al4V it is typically between 550 to 700 • C [58][59][60], and for IN718 it can be over 900 • C [61,62]. This leads to mostly full in-situ stress relief and no residual stress in the as-manufactured microstructure [63].…”

Section: Preheatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Ti-6Al-4V: The vacuum atmosphere in the EBM chamber ensures a clean environment and avoids the contaminations from gases during processing, which is therefore suitable for EBM titanium alloys, in particular Ti-6Al-4V [48,51,52,58,60,69,73]. In addition, since Ti-6Al-4V has superior properties for numerous potential applications, it is the most widely researched material for EBM process.…”

Section: Materials Manufactured With Ebmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Deng

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Licentiate Thesis

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Linköping 2018Cover image: A fracture surface of EBM IN718 after tensile test at room temperature.During the course of research underlying this thesis, Dunyong Deng was enrolled in Agora Materiae, a multidiciplinary doctoral program at Linköping University, Sweden. Printed by LiU-Tryck 2018 © Dunyong Deng AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has gained significant interest in aerospace, energy, automotive and medical industries due to its capabilities of manufacturing components that are either prohibitively costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes for metallic components, electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two of the most widely used powder bed based processes, and have shown great potential for manufacturing high-end critical components, such as turbine blades and customized medical implants. The futures of the EBM and SLM are doubtlessly promising, but to fully realize their potentials there are still many challenges to overcome.Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-base superalloy and has impressive combination of good mechanical properties and low cost. Though IN718 is being mostly used as a turbine disk material now, the initial introduction of IN718 was to overcome the poor weldability of superalloys in 1960s, since sluggish precipitation of strengthening phases γ ′ /γ ′′ enables good resistance to strain-age cracking during welding or post weld heat treatment. Given the similarity between AM and welding processes, IN718 has been widely applied to the metallic AM field to facilitate the understandings of process-microstructure-property relationships.The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to better understand microstructures and mechanical properties EBM and SLM IN718, which have not been systematically investigated. Microstructures of EBM and SLM IN718 have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with the process conditions. Monotonic mechanical properties (e.g., Vickers microhardness and tensile properties) have also been measured and rationalized with regards to the microstructure evolutions before and after heat treatments.For EBM IN718, the results show the microstructure is not homogeneous but dependant on the location in the components, and the anisotropic mechanical properties are probably attributed to alignment of porosities rather than texture.iii Post heat treatment can slightly increase the mechanical strength compared to the as-manufactured condition but does not alter the anisotropy. SLM IN718 shows significantly different microstructure and mechanical properties to EBM IN718. The as-manufactured SLM IN718 has very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phases in the interdendrites, and is "work-hardened" by the residual strains and dislocations present in the material. Mechanical properties are different between horizontally and vertically built samples, and heat treatment can m...

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Mechanical Behavior of Additive Manufactured and Powder Metallurgy Ti6Al4V

Mower

Long

2016

Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium

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Mechanical behavior of dual-phase Ti6Al4V produced with Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) was compared to that of similar alloys produced with conventional methods (wrought and machined) and near-net-shape powder metallurgy. The elastic moduli were measured in flexure, stress-strain characteristics were measured in tensile deformation, and fatigue strengths were measured in fully reversed bending. The effect of DMLS fabrication orientation and post-processing by hot-isostatic pressure (HIP) upon mechanical behavior was studied. Both vertically and horizontally-grown DMLS Ti6Al4V materials demonstrated higher yield strength than conventional Ti6Al4V. Both HIP'd DMLS and powder metallurgy specimens displayed lower modulus and yield strength that conventional material. The fatigue strengths exhibited by DMLS materials were drastically lower than those exhibited by materials fabricated with both conventional means and powder metallurgy. These lower fatigue strengths are attributed to significantly higher surface roughness and populations of internal pores in DMLS specimens, which were ameliorated by HIP. †

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Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting

Cited by 712 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Behavior of Additive Manufactured and Powder Metallurgy Ti6Al4V

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