Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Simonelli, Marco; Tse, Yau Yau; Tuck, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2014.07.086

Cited by 777 publications

(377 citation statements)

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“…• Titanium alloys: Titanium alloy, specifically Ti-6Al-4V [72,[137][138][139][140][141][142][143], is the most investigated material for SLM process. Manufacturing titanium alloys via conventional methods is relatively difficult, since Ti is highly reactive and sensitive to chemical impurities, such as O, N and H. With this regard, SLM is superior to conventional manufacturing methods since the inert gas in the SLM chamber can provide a protective atmosphere.…”

Section: Materials Manufactured With Slmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Deng

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Licentiate Thesis

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Linköping 2018Cover image: A fracture surface of EBM IN718 after tensile test at room temperature.During the course of research underlying this thesis, Dunyong Deng was enrolled in Agora Materiae, a multidiciplinary doctoral program at Linköping University, Sweden. Printed by LiU-Tryck 2018 © Dunyong Deng AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has gained significant interest in aerospace, energy, automotive and medical industries due to its capabilities of manufacturing components that are either prohibitively costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes for metallic components, electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two of the most widely used powder bed based processes, and have shown great potential for manufacturing high-end critical components, such as turbine blades and customized medical implants. The futures of the EBM and SLM are doubtlessly promising, but to fully realize their potentials there are still many challenges to overcome.Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-base superalloy and has impressive combination of good mechanical properties and low cost. Though IN718 is being mostly used as a turbine disk material now, the initial introduction of IN718 was to overcome the poor weldability of superalloys in 1960s, since sluggish precipitation of strengthening phases γ ′ /γ ′′ enables good resistance to strain-age cracking during welding or post weld heat treatment. Given the similarity between AM and welding processes, IN718 has been widely applied to the metallic AM field to facilitate the understandings of process-microstructure-property relationships.The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to better understand microstructures and mechanical properties EBM and SLM IN718, which have not been systematically investigated. Microstructures of EBM and SLM IN718 have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with the process conditions. Monotonic mechanical properties (e.g., Vickers microhardness and tensile properties) have also been measured and rationalized with regards to the microstructure evolutions before and after heat treatments.For EBM IN718, the results show the microstructure is not homogeneous but dependant on the location in the components, and the anisotropic mechanical properties are probably attributed to alignment of porosities rather than texture.iii Post heat treatment can slightly increase the mechanical strength compared to the as-manufactured condition but does not alter the anisotropy. SLM IN718 shows significantly different microstructure and mechanical properties to EBM IN718. The as-manufactured SLM IN718 has very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phases in the interdendrites, and is "work-hardened" by the residual strains and dislocations present in the material. Mechanical properties are different between horizontally and vertically built samples, and heat treatment can m...

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Section: Materials Manufactured With Slmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Deng

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Licentiate Thesis

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“…The variation in build orientation aimed to analyse the possible effect of anisotropy on the tensile characteristics of the samples fabricated using laser beam melting. Due to the inherent layerby-layer fabrication methodology, it has been found that the build orientation can have an effect on the mechanical characteristics of the fabricated samples [21].…”

Section: Variation With Build Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Round Robin Study for Laser Beam Melting in Metal Powder Bed

Ahuja

Schaub

Junker

et al. 2016

SAJIE

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With its ability to fabricate fully dense three-dimensional structures by selectively melting micro-sized metal powder, the additive manufacturing process of laser beam melting (LBM) is considered by many to be a significant technology that is complementary to the conventional forming and subtractive manufacturing processes. However, even with its ability to fabricate structures with characteristics comparable to conventional fabrication, the LBM process often lacks the consistency and degree of repeatability essential for its industrial acceptance for certain end-product applications. Inconsistency in the characteristics of structures is often related to a combination of variations in system technology, process, and user influence. In order to understand fully the potential and limitations of the LBM process, the paper discusses the design, methodology, and results of a round robin test conducted within the Collaborative Working Group (CWG) lasers in production at the International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP). Observed mechanical characteristics for samples from each of the participants are presented. The experiments are designed to obtain data related to mechanical characteristics for different build orientations and processing conditions in addition to the inherent system technology variations. The paper further discusses the observed process phenomena and their association with the induced mechanical characteristics. OPSOMMINGDie additiewe laserstraal smeltproses word deur kenners as ŉ noemenswaardige tegnologie wat bydra tot die konvensionele vorming-en masjineringvervaardigingsprosesse geag, omdat dit oor die vermoë beskik om digte, driedimensionele strukture te vervaardig. Selfs met dié vermoë om strukture met eienskappe soortgelyk aan die konvensioneel vervaardigde strukture, ly die laserstraal smeltproses dikwels aan ŉ tekort aan konsekwentheid en herhaalbaarheid wat krities is tot die industriële aanvaarding daarvan. Die veranderlikheid in die eienskappe van strukture is dikwels verwant aan ŉ kombinasie van variasies in die sisteem tegnologie, proses-en gebruikerinvloed. Hierdie navorsing bespreek ŉ rondomtalie toets wat op verskeie laserstraal smelters, wat by die Internasionale Akademie van Produksieingenieurs (CIRP) in gebruik is, uitgevoer is. Die toetse se mikpunt was om die potensiaal en beperkinge geassosieer met die laserstraal smeltproses beter te verstaan. Die waargeneemde meganiese eienskappe van monsters van elkeen van die monsters word voorgehou. Die eksperimente is ontwerp om data, wat verwant is aan die meganiese eienskappe wanneer verskeie veranderlikes tydens die vervaardigingsproses teenwoordig is, te verkry. Die waargeneemde prosesverskynsels en hul assosiasies met die geïnduseerde meganiese eienskappe, word dan bespreek.

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“…[12] Simonelli et al found no variation in elastic modulus of SLM Ti-6Al-4V with build orientation due to the weak a 0 texture of the as-built material. [13] These limited results suggest that for Ti-6Al-4V, there should be little elastic anisotropy of the material itself after SLM and subsequent stress relief.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Void Array Orientation on Compressive Properties of Cellular Structures

2017

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Additively manufactured cellular materials enable customized structural implants with superior osseointegration potential and mechanical properties better matched to bone. In this investigation, the compression response of Ti-6Al-4V alloy cellular materials comprising a simple cubic array of 2.00 mm diameter spherical voids with a 1.90 mm inter-void spacing are studied. Finite element analysis (FEA) shows that the lattice exhibited cubic symmetry with values for Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus in the range of 28.5-29.5 GPa, 0.18-0.20, and 5.4-6.0 GPa, respectively. Compression tests carried out on cylinders with the same cellular structure fabricated by selective laser melting also show a strong dependence of elastic and plastic properties on orientation. Compression normal to the {100} plane of the simple cubic cell gives the highest E and strength, while compression normal to the {110} and {111} planes give lower values. The experimental E values for the {100} and {111} orientations show good agreement with the FEA results, but the {110} orientation shows lower values of E compared to the FEA predictions. Ultimate compressive failure of the cylinders occurred by gross slip along the {100} planes of the void array -coinciding with the slip planes for the simple cubic system.

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Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Cited by 777 publications

References 48 publications

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

A Round Robin Study for Laser Beam Melting in Metal Powder Bed

Effects of Void Array Orientation on Compressive Properties of Cellular Structures

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