Microstructure of TiO2 porous ceramics by freeze casting of nanoparticle suspensions

Low-cost ceramic membranes: A research opportunity for industrial application

“…In addition, the final porosity can be tuned by varying the solids loading of particles in the suspension, and the size of the pores is influenced by the freezing kinetics. Due to the directional solidification of the solvent, the porous channels of the resulting ceramics can run directionally from the bottom of the sample to the top [74].…”

Freeze casting – A review of processing, microstructure and properties via the open data repository, FreezeCasting.net

“…fluid type [146], additives [147], particle fraction [148]) as well as solidification conditions (e.g. solidification technique [149], cold plate temperature [150], mold design [151,152] and substrate material [153]). However, this freedom also adds significant complexity when attempting to understand the underlying principles that govern the microstructure templated during the process.…”

Porous Alumina Ceramics Obtained by Particles Self-Assembly Combing Freeze Drying Method

“…During freezing, the dispersed particles are pushed away, devoured or oppressed by the moving solidification front. Consequently, pore size, final porosity and morphology of the as-obtained porous ceramics can be tuned by freezing kinetics [16]. Whereas porous ceramics obtained from the water based freeze drying method exhibited big and laminar pores due to the growth of ice crystals [17], it was hard to keep the ice crystals in small scales during the solidification process.…”