Microstructural evolution in medium copper low alloy steels irradiated in a pressurized water reactor and a material test reactor

Local atomic structure in iron copper binary alloys: An extended X-ray absorption fine structure study

“…k represents the magnitude of the photoelectron wavevector and is related to the X-ray energy by Eq. (2). E denotes the energy of the incident X-ray photons and E 0 is the threshold energy for the removal of the core electron.…”

“…Precipitation of copper in iron and steels draws a considerable attention due to its potential effect on material hardening as well as embrittlement processes, particularly in reference to reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels which are components in nuclear reactors [1,2]. The strength of such Fe x Cu 100Àx (subscript in at.% unless otherwise specified) composites with varying Cu content is derived from both solidsolution strengthening and precipitation strengthening.…”

Internal friction and magnetic properties of thermally aged Fe–1 wt.% Cu alloys

“…It is known that Cu precipitation is one of the sources of irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels at nuclear power plants [1][2][3]. The clarification of the degradation mechanism and the development of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are important for prolonging the lifetime of present power plants.…”

Study of atomic clusters in neutron irradiated reactor pressure vessel surveillance samples by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

“…The key embrittlement mechanisms is related to the formation of a high number density (>10 23 m À3 ) of ultra-fine precipitates resulting from the irradiation and diffusion processes in the damaged matrix lattice [1][2][3][4][5]. The contribution of the various alloying elements and impurities (e.g.…”