Microsporum fulvum, an Ignored Pathogenic Dermatophyte: A New Clinical Isolation from Iran

Abstract

Misidentifying with Microsporum gypseum has for a long time been accounted for less prevalence of the geophilic species, Microsporum fulvum in human dermatophytosis. We describe a new case of infection with the species in an Iranian young man. Direct examination of skin scrapings revealed a tinea corporis, and morphological study of the recovered isolate from the culture resulted in the identification of M. gypseum. However, PCR amplification of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and subsequent ITS-RFLP and sequencing were indicative of M. fulvum as the true causative agent. To recognize M. fulvum in human infections and to validate the morphologically distinguished isolates of M. gypseum, the genetic-based identification is strongly recommended.

A comparative study on morphological versus molecular identification of dermatophyte isolates

“…1(B)). In ITS-RFLP analysis, the specific band profile for the taxa in the A. benhamiae erinacei, and Trichophyton sp of A. benhamiae, were recovered from clinical samples [10,34].…”

The first case of onychomycosis in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) due to atypical isolates of Microsporum gypseum, a diagnostic challenge

“…The geophilic dermatophyte M. gypseum is the imperfect state of two teleomorphic species; Arthroderma gypseum and A. incurvatum , which are morphologically distinguishable from each other and from another dermatophyte, M. fulvum [1, 23, 24]. Generally, mature colonies of M. gypseum on Sabouraud’s glucose agar are flat, spreading, and powdery to grainy in texture, and cinnamon-buff to tawny-buff in color, usually a yellow-brown or, rarely, reddish pigment is produced on the reverse.…”

“…This phenomenon is confusing, but informatively clarified another unknown facets of dermatophytes that can convolute the identification. Importantly, we did not confine diagnostic analysis to morphology-based experiments only, and so the identity of the infectious isolate was determined as M. gypseum by ITS-sequencing, the golden diagnostic standard [23]. Further sequencing of two novel genetic markers for dermatophytes, BT2 and Tef-1α [11, 26] along with the results of antifungal susceptibility testing indicated that the two isolates belonged to the same strain of M. gypseum which concurrently exhibited two very different morphotypes.…”

Potential of propolis antifungal activity for clinical applications

“…Epidermophyton floccosum Anthropophilic Tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis and onychomycosis (Havlickova et al, 2008;Marsella, 2014) Microsporum audouinii Tinea capitis (Elewski, 2000) Microsporum boullardii Geophilic Tinea capitis (rarely) (Zaki et al, 2009) Microsporum canis Zoophilic Tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea barbae, tinea faciei, tinea manuum and onychomycosis (Marsella, 2014) Microsporum cookei Geophilic Tinea corporis (rarely) (Frey, 1971) Microsporum distortum Zoophilic Tinea corporis and capitis (Elewski, 2000;Menna & Marples, 1954) Microsporum equinum Tinea capitis (O'Grady & Warin, 1972) Microsporum ferrugineum Anthropophilic Tinea capitis (Elewski, 2000;Rezaei-Matehkolaei et al, 2012) Microsporum fulvum Geophilic Tinea corporis and tinea capitis (Moore & Conrad, 1940;Nouripour-Sisakht et al, 2013) Microsporum gallinae Zoophilic Tinea corporis, tinea capitis, tinea cruris and onychomycosis (Miyasato et al, 2011) Microsporum ferrugineum Anthropophilic Tinea capitis (Elewski, 2000;Rezaei-Matehkolaei et al, 2012) Microsporum langeronii Anthropophilic Tinea capitis (Ménan et al, 2002) Microsporum nanum Geophilic Tinea capitis and tinea corporis (Ajello et al, 1964) Microsporum persicolor Zoophilic Tinea capitis, tinea corporis and tinea pedis (Kane et al, 1987) Microsporum praecox Tinea corporis and tinea capitis (rarely) (Padhye et al, 1989;Vroey et al, 1983) Microsporum racemosum Geophilic Tinea corporis and onychomycosis (Nenoff et al, 2014) Microsporum rivalieri Anthropophilic Tinea capitis (Zaias et al, 1966) Microsporum vanbreuseghemii Geophilic Tinea capitis (Gräser et al, 1998;Naseri et al, 2012) Trichophyton ajelloi Tinea corporis (Presbury & Young, 1978) Trichophyton bullosum Zoophilic Tinea corporis (rarely) (Sitterle et al, 2012) Trichophyton concentricum Anthropophilic Tinea imbricata (type of tinea corporis) (Hay et al, 1983) Trichophyton eboreum...…”