Microsporogenesis in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)

Abstract

The stage of pollen development at the time of anther culture is an important factor in the production of haploids. The objectives of the current study were to develop a staining procedure for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., ssp. hypogaea) microspores, to describe and document the stages of microsporogenesis in peanut, and to confirm a previous report concerning correlations of peanut floral bud shape with stage of microspore development. A staining procedure using propionic carmine provided adequate staining of pollen mother cells, microspores, and pollen. Pollen mother cells and microspores could easily be differentiated by their size and cell wall structure. Plants grown in a controlled environment were found to have highly synchronized microspore development, both within an anther and among anthers contained in the same bud. In addition, floral bud shape was confirmed as a reliable indicator of anther stage in peanuts.

Reproductive Studies in Ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich; Rubiaceae): Flower Bud and Anther Size Associated to Male Gamete Development Stages

“…Costa et al (2000) obtained an excellent emetine production using twelveyear-old plants from tissue culture. As observed in this study, the flower bud size might be used as an indicator to main stages of pollen grain development, while the same association does not occur in many other species (Willcox et al 1990, Souza et al 2002. These stages of development of gamete at the time of culture has been shown to be an important factor in the production of haploids via anther culture (Maheshwari et al 1980), which could be an interesting option regarding future breeding programs involving C. ipecacuanha, for achieving homozygosity in relation to composites production once the alkaloid contents range among plants (Cruz 1935, Addor 1945.…”

“…Luz et al (2000) collected sweet pepper bud flowers when the petals were about the same size of sepals, which correspond to anthers containing unvacuolated microspores, with a central nucleus. Willcox et al (1990), studying peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), observed that not the size but the flower bud shape might be correlated with the microspore development, even though this difference could occur due to environmental conditions and not only as a result of genotype differences. That type of information is important for the success of research that involves anther culture technique, and the non-acquaintance in relation to the flower development period that the microsporogenesis and microgmetogenesis stages are occurring is an obstacle.…”