Microscopic Studies of Various Sizes of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Cellular Localizations

Boyoglu, Cemil; He, Qingwen; Willing, Gerold A.; Boyoglu-Barnum, Seyhan; Dennis, Vida A.; Pillai, Shreekumar R.; Singh, Shree Ram

doi:10.1155/2013/123838

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In our findings, the development of gold nanostructures definite in TEM figures, in which morphological individuality provides high-density AuNPs shaped by the Strychni Semen extract. Previous studies confirm the size and shape of gold nanoparticles performed by TEM studies in Hep-2 cells, where the TEM examination of all gold nanoparticles was reliable with the ascending like 3, 11, 27, and 51 nm [30]. Many studies support our data like the TEM investigated the phase and contrivance of the cellular incorporations of protein-covered gold nanoparticles by means of the HeLa cell lines [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Gold nano particles synthesized from Strychni semen and its anticancer activity in cholangiocarcinoma cell (KMCH-1)

Yang

Zou

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Gold nano particles synthesized from Strychni semen and its anticancer activity in cholangiocarcinoma cell (KMCH-1)

Yang

Zou

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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“…The 5 nm particles showed much higher cytotoxicity than the 13 nm particles, whether in normoxic or in hypoxic conditions, which is consistent with a previously reported trend. 8,10,13 In addition, only a slightly reduced proliferation was detected in the hypoxic group compared with the corresponding normoxic group (Figure 2), which may be correlated with the amount of GNPs taken up by hypoxic cells because more GNPs localizing inside cells could induce greater cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Among them, some groups reported that the extent of the toxic nature of these particles depended on the different diameter sizes, [8][9][10][11][12][13] the modifications, 14,15 and the surface functional attachments 16,17 of the GNPs. In the articles, GNPs were reported to induce various cellular responses, such as necrosis, autophagy, apoptosis, altered gene expression, cell cycle disruption, and oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overendocytosis of gold nanoparticles increases autophagy and apoptosis in hypoxic human renal proximal tubular cells

Fan¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Background Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can potentially be used in biomedical fields ranging from therapeutics to diagnostics, and their use will result in increased human exposure. Many studies have demonstrated that GNPs can be deposited in the kidneys, particularly in renal tubular epithelial cells. Chronic hypoxic is inevitable in chronic kidney diseases, and it results in renal tubular epithelial cells that are susceptible to different types of injuries. However, the understanding of the interactions between GNPs and hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells is still rudimentary. In the present study, we characterized the cytotoxic effects of GNPs in hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells. Results Both 5 nm and 13 nm GNPs were synthesized and characterized using various biophysical methods, including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. We detected the cytotoxicity of 5 and 13 nm GNPs (0, 1, 25, and 50 nM) to human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay, but we just found the toxic effect in the 5 nm GNP-treated cells at 50 nM dose under hypoxic condition. Furthermore, the transmission electron microscopy images revealed that GNPs were either localized in vesicles or free in the lysosomes in 5 nm GNPs-treated HK-2 cells, and the cellular uptake of the GNPs in the hypoxic cells was significantly higher than that in normoxic cells. In normoxic HK-2 cells, 5 nm GNPs (50 nM) treatment could cause autophagy and cell survival. However, in hypoxic conditions, the GNP exposure at the same condition led to the production of reactive oxygen species, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), and an increase in apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Conclusion/significance Our results demonstrate that renal tubular epithelial cells presented different responses under normoxic and hypoxic environments, which provide an important basis for understanding the risks associated with GNP use–especially for the potential GNP-related therapies in chronic kidney disease patients.

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“…Yoshida et al reported that amorphous nanosilica causes toxicity in the human cell, both by increasing ROS formation and by damaging DNA [111,112]. Besides, only in the evaluation based on its size, the smaller the nanoparticles, the more toxic it is to the organs [113]. Studies were reported that wire-shaped nanomaterials cause DNA damage and toxic effects through ROS production [114].…”

Section: Toxicity Mechanisms Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotoxicity: a challenge for future medicine

Akçan¹,

Aydoğan²,

Yıldırım³

et al. 2020

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Due to nanomaterials' potential benefits for diagnosis and treatment, they are widely used in medical applications and personal care products. Interaction of nanomaterials, which are very small in size, with tissue, cell and microenvironment, can reveal harmful effects that cannot be created with chemically identical and larger counterparts in biological organisms. In this review, a challenge for future medicine, nanotoxicity of nanomaterials is discussed. Materials and methods: A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per medical applications of nanomaterials their toxicity. Results and conclusion: Most authors state "the only valid technology will be nanotechnology in the next era"; however, there is no consensus on the impact of this technology on humankind, environment and ecological balance. Studies dealing with the toxic effect of nanomaterials on human health have also varied with developing technology. Nanotoxicology studies such as in vivo-like on 3D human organs, cells, advanced genetic studies, and-omic approaches begin to replace conventional methods. Nanotoxicity and adverse effects of nanomaterials in exposed producers, industry workers, and patients make nanomaterials a double-edged sword for future medicine. In order to control and tackle related risks, regulation and legislations should be implemented, and researchers have to conduct joint multidisciplinary studies in various fields of medical sciences, nanotechnology, nanomedicine, and biomedical engineering.

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Microscopic Studies of Various Sizes of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Cellular Localizations

Cited by 50 publications

References 38 publications

Gold nano particles synthesized from Strychni semen and its anticancer activity in cholangiocarcinoma cell (KMCH-1)

Gold nano particles synthesized from Strychni semen and its anticancer activity in cholangiocarcinoma cell (KMCH-1)

Overendocytosis of gold nanoparticles increases autophagy and apoptosis in hypoxic human renal proximal tubular cells

Nanotoxicity: a challenge for future medicine

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