Background/aim: Due to nanomaterials' potential benefits for diagnosis and treatment, they are widely used in medical applications and personal care products. Interaction of nanomaterials, which are very small in size, with tissue, cell and microenvironment, can reveal harmful effects that cannot be created with chemically identical and larger counterparts in biological organisms. In this review, a challenge for future medicine, nanotoxicity of nanomaterials is discussed. Materials and methods: A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per medical applications of nanomaterials their toxicity. Results and conclusion: Most authors state "the only valid technology will be nanotechnology in the next era"; however, there is no consensus on the impact of this technology on humankind, environment and ecological balance. Studies dealing with the toxic effect of nanomaterials on human health have also varied with developing technology. Nanotoxicology studies such as in vivo-like on 3D human organs, cells, advanced genetic studies, and-omic approaches begin to replace conventional methods. Nanotoxicity and adverse effects of nanomaterials in exposed producers, industry workers, and patients make nanomaterials a double-edged sword for future medicine. In order to control and tackle related risks, regulation and legislations should be implemented, and researchers have to conduct joint multidisciplinary studies in various fields of medical sciences, nanotechnology, nanomedicine, and biomedical engineering.

Introduction The topic "forensic medicine and sciences" is a subdivision of science which is described as the practice of medical/ paramedical scientific knowledge to establish facts in civil and criminal law [1]. Forensic medicine has a multidisciplinary structure in collaboration with other areas such as forensic chemistry, toxicology, biology, psychiatry, and genetics, etc. Since forensic sciences share a common scientific methodology with other science disciplines it is open to collaborate or benefit from novel technologies appeared in any scientific discipline. Therefore, omics emerges as a revolutionary step in forensic sciences and sure carries it towards a new age. The publications regarding omics in various disciplines have become a rising scientific trend worldwide, during the last decade. Furthermore, the number of forensic studies utilizing the methodology of omics has enormously increased in last years. In order to draw attention of forensic and medical professionals, and encourage new studies; the roles and benefits of omics in forensic medicine and sciences are discussed in this review. 2. Omics Omics is a novel multidisciplinary field of various scientific methodologies. Omics defines the collective technologies that measure some characteristics (roles, relationships, and actions) of certain molecules like metabolites, proteins and genes, ending in-omics, as in metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, etc. In past years, omics technologies were applied to diverse fields, because of the ability to assess little changes in a large-scale data with exhaustive metabolite evaluation [2]. With the development of technology, omics-based strategies become cheaper, faster, and very informative, and offer potent alternatives to conventional technics. Furthermore, sample selection has a key role to success in target study. Various human samples can be used for analysis such as blood [3,4], urine [5], hair [6,7], nail [8-10], faeces[11,12], aqueous humour [13] etc. The interactions of omics with each other have been shown in Figure. 2.1. Metabolomics 2.1.1. Definition of metabolomics Metabolomics comprises the studies that are focused on assessment of metabolites and related markers of an Background/aim: Forensic medicine and sciences is a multidisciplinary branch of science, which frequently benefit from novel technologies. State of the art omics technologies have begun to be performed in forensic medicine and sciences, particularly in postmortem interval, intoxication, drugs of abuse, diagnosis of diseases and cause of death. This review aims to discuss the role and use of great omics (metabolomics, proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics) in forensic sciences, in detail. Materials and methods: A detailed review of related literature was performed, and studies were subdivided as per the type of omics. Results and conclusion: Omics seems as a revolutionary step in forensic science and sure carries it towards a new age. The number of forensic studies utilizing omics steadily increases in last years. Omics strategi...

When a gun is fired, a number of particles and gases, which are called gunshot residue (GSR), are released. Detection of GSR particles, as an important step to solve a case, potentially indicates that a person fired a gun or somehow involved the shooting event in a close distance to discharged gun [1,2]. GSR particles consist of a combination of lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and barium (Ba), and other elements may accompany this characteristic structure [3].Various methods are utilized in GSR analysis, which can be detected frequently on individuals' body parts, especially in the hand and around the gun. SEM/EDX is the leading method with its specificity in evaluating the morphological and analytical properties of GSR and is currently considered as the gold standard [4]. During last

Multidisipliner bir alan olan adli bilimler, adaletin toplum ve toplumu oluşturan bireyler arasında eşit olarak sağlanabilirliğine hizmet eden sağlık, fen ve sosyal bilimler gibi eğitsel, teknolojik ve pozitif bilimler topluluğunu kapsar. Bu bilimsel alanda teorik ve uygulamanın birbirleriyle örtüşen ve örtüşmeyen birçok noktası bulunmaktadır. Teorik bilgilerin havada uçuştuğu çağımızda bu bilgilerin adli bilimlerin uygulama alanına yansıması çok önemlidir. Adli tıp, hukuk, psikoloji, sosyal hizmet, çocuk gelişimi, kriminoloji, antropoloji, öğretmenlik, medya, polis ve jandarma gibi güvenlik birimlerini de içeren toplumun çok geniş bir alanında birlikte çalışmaya ve üretmeye gereksinim bulunuyor. Eğitim ve öğretimin en önemli parçasını deneyimlerimiz ve uygulama alanları yani “olgu temelli” yaklaşım belirliyor.

Background As in all over the world, healthcare professionals in Turkey are increasingly affected by violence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate homicide, which is the most severe form of violence against health care professionals. Methods Information regarding characteristics of the incidents, victims, and perpetrators were gathered from the media reports subjecting murders of healthcare professionals between 2000 and 2019 were compiled and discussed with descriptive statistics. Results There were 60 homicides involving health professionals (35 male, 25 female) between 2000 and 2019. Homicides of health professionals were found to have increased significantly between 2015 and 2019. The most common crime scene was the victim’s workplace, whereas the most common method of homicide was the use of firearms. In female healthcare professional homicides, the murderer was a former or existing partner in most cases. Conclusions The assessment of cultural factors, and the performance of various studies to prevent homicide of health professionals is crucial. Policies against individual weaponry and the prevention of armed persons entering healthcare facilities could be useful. In addition, regulations prohibiting targeting health professionals as a scapegoat for system failures will help address this problem.