Microscanners for optical endomicroscopic applications

Hwang, Kyungmin; Seo, Yeong‐Hyeon; Jeong, Ki‐Hun

doi:10.1186/s40486-016-0036-4

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another solution to scan the scenery is to utilize the Lissajous scan, which can conduct simultaneous biaxial high frequency scans. Its scanning range and framerate can be ensured by operating it at resonant mode, and thus this strategy benefits from the mechanical stability and low power consumption [10]. It is noticed that spiral scanning is also employed in some scenarios [11] using a bare-fiber scanner, which allows for miniaturization.…”

Section: Scanning-based Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Pixel MEMS Imaging Systems

Zhou

Lim

2020

Micromachines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single-pixel imaging technology is an attractive technology considering the increasing demand of imagers that can operate in wavelengths where traditional cameras have limited efficiency. Meanwhile, the miniaturization of imaging systems is also desired to build affordable and portable devices for field applications. Therefore, single-pixel imaging systems based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is an effective solution to develop truly miniaturized imagers, owing to their ability to integrate multiple functionalities within a small device. MEMS-based single-pixel imaging systems have mainly been explored in two research directions, namely the encoding-based approach and the scanning-based approach. The scanning method utilizes a variety of MEMS scanners to scan the target scenery and has potential applications in the biological imaging field. The encoding-based system typically employs MEMS modulators and a single-pixel detector to encode the light intensities of the scenery, and the images are constructed by harvesting the power of computational technology. This has the capability to capture non-visible images and 3D images. Thus, this review discusses the two approaches in detail, and their applications are also reviewed to evaluate the efficiency and advantages in various fields.

show abstract

Section: Scanning-based Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Pixel MEMS Imaging Systems

Zhou

Lim

2020

Micromachines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, conventional optical microscopes still have some technical limitations in imaging through the skin surface or a surgical incision due to tissue light transmission limitations, large objective lens, and sample stage fixation 4 . Minimized laser scanning microscopes using a microscanner and a scanning optical fiber serve as an enabling tool and have rapidly led to diverse biological or clinical applications [5][6][7][8] , including mounting an endomicroscope on the head of a mouse 9 . Recently, endomicroscopes have been fit into the working channel of a conventional endoscope, and the clinical feasibility for optical biopsy has been assessed 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning MEMS lenses also have intrinsic limitations in achieving a fast scanning speed for real-time imaging due to the lens inertia 20 . Electrostatic 13 , electromagnetic 14 , or electrothermal 17 MEMS actuation may raise further technical barriers, such as poor scanner stability, high driving voltages or currents, or low scanning speed 5 . In contrast, scanning fibers actuated by a piezoelectric tube (PZT) with quadrupole electrodes are very beneficial in terms of both compact packaging and high mechanical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld endomicroscope using a fiber-optic harmonograph enables real-time and in vivo confocal imaging of living cell morphology and capillary perfusion

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Confocal laser endomicroscopy provides high potential for noninvasive and in vivo optical biopsy at the cellular level. Here, we report a fully packaged handheld confocal endomicroscopic system for real-time, high-resolution, and in vivo cellular imaging using a Lissajous scanning fiber-optic harmonograph. The endomicroscopic system features an endomicroscopic probe with a fiber-optic harmonograph, a confocal microscope unit, and an image signal processor. The fiber-optic harmonograph contains a single mode fiber coupled with a quadrupole piezoelectric tube, which resonantly scans both axes at ~ 1 kHz to obtain a Lissajous pattern. The fiber-optic harmonograph was fully packaged into an endomicroscopic probe with an objective lens. The endomicroscopic probe was hygienically packaged for waterproofing and disinfection of medical instruments within a 2.6-mm outer diameter stainless tube capable of being inserted through the working channel of a clinical endoscope. The probe was further combined with the confocal microscope unit for indocyanine green imaging and the image signal processor for high frame rate and high density Lissajous scanning. The signal processing unit delivers driving signals for probe actuation and reconstructs confocal images using the auto phase matching process of Lissajous fiber scanners. The confocal endomicroscopic system was used to successfully obtain human in vitro fluorescent images and real-time ex vivo and in vivo fluorescent images of the living cell morphology and capillary perfusion inside a single mouse.

show abstract

“…In contrast, the resonant fiber scanners mounted inside a quadrupole PZT allow the facile compact packaging. Recently, the microscanners move to clinical in-vivo endomicroscopic imaging for optical biopsy, where laser scanning of high definition and high frame rate within persistence of human vision is imperative in achieving clinically acceptable image resolution and real-time imaging 20 , 21 . High definition allows diffraction-limited endomicroscopic imaging of high resolution for visualizing morphological characteristics of tumor cells 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the microscanners with raster scanning are intrinsically vulnerable to an external shock and they have some technical limitations for compact packaging. In contrast, a Lissajous scan is realized by using two arbitrary fast scanning frequencies along the bi-axial axes in the resonant mode and thus Lissajous microscanners have both high mechanical stability and low operating voltages 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency selection rule for high definition and high frame rate Lissajous scanning

Hwang

Seo

Ahn

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lissajous microscanners are very attractive in compact laser scanning applications such as endomicroscopy or pro-projection display owing to high mechanical stability and low operating voltages. The scanning frequency serves as a critical factor for determining the scanning imaging quality. Here we report the selection rule of scanning frequencies that can realize high definition and high frame-rate (HDHF) full-repeated Lissajous scanning imaging. The fill factor (FF) monotonically increases with the total lobe number of a Lissajous curve, i.e., the sum of scanning frequencies divided by the great common divisor (GCD) of bi-axial scanning frequencies. The frames per second (FPS), called the pattern repeated rate or the frame rate, linearly increases with GCD. HDHF Lissajous scanning is achieved at the bi-axial scanning frequencies, where the GCD has the maximum value among various sets of the scanning frequencies satisfying the total lobe number for a target FF. Based on this selection rule, the experimental results clearly demonstrate that conventional Lissajous scanners substantially increase both FF and FPS by slightly modulating the scanning frequencies at near the resonance within the resonance bandwidth of a Lissajous scanner. This selection rule provides a new guideline for HDHF Lissajous scanning in compact laser scanning systems.

show abstract

Microscanners for optical endomicroscopic applications

Cited by 54 publications

References 47 publications

Single-Pixel MEMS Imaging Systems

Single-Pixel MEMS Imaging Systems

Handheld endomicroscope using a fiber-optic harmonograph enables real-time and in vivo confocal imaging of living cell morphology and capillary perfusion

Frequency selection rule for high definition and high frame rate Lissajous scanning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About