microRNA Involvement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Curative options for HCC

MicroRNAs in the Occurrence and Development of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Particularly, abnormal expression of microRNAs affects these critical cancer-related pathways [15]. It is reported that sustained micro RNA-122 [16][17][18][19], microRNA-101 [20,21]) down-regulated and micro RNA-21 [22], micro RNA-221 [23] up-regulated in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma seems to be particularly important.…”

Emerging role of microRNAs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

“…The expression of a number of miRNAs was found to be frequently altered in cancer cells, where miRNAs could disturb functions associated with control of proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. 35 The abnormal expression of several miRNAs has also been demonstrated in HCC (Table 1). In some cases, hepatitis viruses were indicated to have a role in dysregulation of cellular miRNA.…”

MicroRNAs in Liver Disease: Bench to Bedside

“…[37][38][39] It is highly expressed in hepatocytes due to its liver specific transcriptional regulation by hepatic nuclear transcription factors 34,40 and is elevated in most hepatic diseases including hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections as well as alcohol and drug-induced liver injury, HCC and NAFLD. 13,14,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] There are four miR-122 binding sites in the HCV genome 42 and miR-122 may promote viral replication by direct interaction with seed-sequencebinding to two target sites, S1 and S2, in the 5 0 -UTR of the HCV genome resulting in HCV-RNA genome stabilization and enhanced viral RNA abundance. 42,43 Dedifferentiation of hepatocytes during hepatocellular carcinogenesis is associated with the loss of miR-122.…”

“…42,43 Dedifferentiation of hepatocytes during hepatocellular carcinogenesis is associated with the loss of miR-122. 40,44,45 Serum/plasma levels of miR-122 correlate with hepatic necro-inflammation, liver damage, cell death and increased aminotransferase levels in acute and chronic liver diseases. 44,[46][47][48][49] Interestingly, hepatic and circulating miR-122 levels do not correlate in NAFLD 14,39,[50][51][52][53][54][55] or viral hepatitis 41,47,49,56 although both have been statistically associated with various measures of disease severity in these studies.…”