“…Dissolvable/biodegradable MAP types have been tested pre-clinically for intracutaneous vaccination against a wide range of viral infections, such as influenza, hepatitis B, HIV, measles, rubella, rabies, polio, dengue, Ebola, Zika, hepatitis C, rotavirus, MERS, and COVID-19, with several types of antigen platforms, including subunit, nucleic acid, VLPs, recombinant viral vector, live attenuated viruses, and inactivated viruses [ 198 , [311] , [312] , [313] , [314] , [315] , [316] , [317] , [318] , [319] , [320] , [321] , [322] , [323] , [324] , [325] , [326] , [327] , [328] , [329] , [330] , [331] , [332] , [333] , [334] , [335] , [336] ]. These studies have utilized various animal models, such as mouse, rhesus macaque, dog, pig, and guinea pig [ 316 , 321 , 328 , 333 , 337 ].…”