Micromixing in static mixers: an experimental study

Bourne, J.R.; Lenzner, Joachim; Petrozzi, Sergio

doi:10.1021/ie00004a037

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Bourne and Maire 25 determined the mixing intensity of three static mixers, differing mainly in the width of their channels, by applying the engulfment model 26,27 to the measured product distribution of fast consecutive competitive azo coupling between 1-naphthol and diazotized sulfanilic acid. Bourne et al 23 and Baldyga et al 28 further extended the previous study and applied azo couplings between 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol with diazotized sulfanilic acid to the SMX …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Extensive reviews of the available test reactions sets proposed in the literature, kinetic constants, and other relevant aspects can be found in the literature. 21,22 Although static mixers feature high rates of energy dissipation and have short residence times, which are useful characteristics for reactions needing fast mixing to obtain high selectivity, 23 very few experimental studies of micromixing in static mixers can be found in the literature. Meyer et al 24 assessed micromixing in a static mixer and in an empty tube by characterizing the product distribution of barium sulfate-EDTA complex in alkaline medium under the influence of an acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

NETmix®, a new type of static mixer: Experimental characterization and model validation

et al. 2011

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in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).In a previous article (Laranjeira et al.), a network model was developed to describe and predict the behavior and performance of NETmix V R , a new type of static mixer consisting of a network of interconnected chambers and channels. This work reports experimental results on a transparent prototype NETmix V R unit constructed to enable the characterization of the mixing mechanisms at the local scale. Tracer flow visualization experiments show that the mixing characteristics in the NETmix V R unit depend on the Reynolds number both for macromixing and micromixing. A critical Reynolds number for the onset of mixing was obtained where oscillating flow in the chambers is observed. Chemical reaction experiments were done using test reactions systems that exhibit mixing effects in the final product distribution and selectivity. Reaction selectivity was shown to depend on the reactants injection scheme. Theoretical predictions obtained with the network model were in agreement with experimental data for high Reynolds numbers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NETmix®, a new type of static mixer: Experimental characterization and model validation

et al. 2011

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“…The results presented in Figure 1 are valid for networks of different microchannel shapes, exhibiting linear relation between the pressure drop and the throwing flow rate and presenting resistance ratios ranging from 10 2 to 5 × 10 4 . As such, the set of curves in this figure makes possible to rapidly give a first estimate of the flow maldistribution at the initial design stage of multi-scale networks.…”

Section: Tolerances Of Channel Geometrymentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This is possible by challenging technologies for sustainable manufacturing such as the use of ecoeffeciency, inherent safety with improved quality of the product, reduced environmental impact, rapid plant response and great possibilities for distributed manufacturing [2,3]. Recently, there were a number of process intensification approaches and these include intensification of mass transfer in static mixers [4,5], micromixers [6,7] and rotating packed bed [8,9], intensification of heat transfer using compact/micro heat exchangers [10,11] and nanofluids [12], integration of processes in one multifunctional step to reduce plant size and increase process efficiency, for instance, reactive distillation and membrane reactor [13][14][15], and adoption of new reactors such as compact/microreactors [16,17], heat exchange reactor [18], spinning disk [19], impinging jets reactors [20] and ZoneFlow TM reactor [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics in Microreactors Analysis and Design: Application to Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Odiba¹,

Olea²,

Hodgson³

et al. 2016

J Chem Eng Process Technol

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This paper deals with the design of a suitable microreactor for the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). There are a number of ways to release VOCs into the atmosphere, typically during processing of natural gas and handling petroleum products. As VOCs are harmful to our health, there is increased scientific interest in developing technologies for their destruction. Catalytic oxidation is one of them. Microreactors have showed higher efficiency than the conventional ones, mainly due to their large surface area to volume ratio and excellent heat and mass transfer properties. The design of a microreactor can be explored based on simulation results obtained by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package of COMSOL Multiphysics. The first design step, based on cold flow simulation, was the selection of the most suitable microreactor geometry and configuration. Four different geometries had been proposed and simulated to evaluate the fluid behaviour in the microchannels. One of them, Type A2, allowed the most uniform flow distribution in all channels, as assessed through relative standard deviation calculations. The second design step involved the investigation of the VOCs catalytic oxidation, using propane as model molecule, occurring in the microreactor with the geometry/configuration previously found. The proposed microreactor consists of eleven parallel channels of square cross-section, with 0.5 × 10 -3 m width, 0.5 × 10 -3 m height and 0.1 m length. The catalytic microreactor was simulated for temperatures between 563 K and 663 K and inlet flow velocities from 0.01 to 1.00 m·s -1 . The exit propane conversion increased rapidly with increasing temperature for a fixed inlet flow velocity. For a fixed temperature, the propane conversion increased as the inlet flow velocity decreased.

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“…Some mixers, whose suitability for obtaining high selectivities from fast reactions has been studied, include the centrifugal pump [33], pipeline [34][35][36], rotor-stator mixers of various sizes [37,38], thin liquid sheets [39,40], static mixers [41,42], 'T' junctions [43], free jets [44][45][46], grid turbulence [47], and agitated tanks 23,26,27,29,, as well as a tubular membrane model [S7] and a simple injector in a tube [S8]. In all these cases the energy dissipation rate, c, and hence the mixing rate and other finescale turbulence properties vary significantly from place to place.…”

Section: Characterization Of Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing and the selectivity of fast chemical reactions

Bourne¹

1997

Handbook of Batch Process Design

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The problemAmong the problems that arise in the scale-up of batch reactions is that of reactions whose outcome is sensitive to mixing. While many reactions do not exhibit such sensitivity, those that do can exhibit substantial yield loss on scale-up.It is the main purpose of this chapter to describe recent advances in understanding the interactions between the physical operation of mixing reagents and the distribution of products from fast reactions. Whereas much is known about the chemical factors influencing the yield of a particular product, the role of mixing is often less clear. This yield should be high when k[ » k2 and when the stoichiometric ratio (number of moles of B charged to the reaction vessel per mole of A) is around unity. (If this ratio equals or exceeds two, R will be fully converted to S as the reactions run to completion.) Experiments on the single-phase nitration of durene (l,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene) contradicted these chemically based predictions. Although k[ is orders of magnitude greater than k 2 , measured yields of mononitrodurene (R) were much smaller than those of dinitrodurene (S) [1,2]. The yields of Rand S were increased and decreased, respectively, by increasing the intensity of agitation in the reaction vessel and by measures which retarded the reactions. Increases in the yield of the intermediate (R) as the agitation intensity was raised were also observed in the iodination of I-tyrosine [3], the bromination of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene [4] and in some diazo couplings to be discussed in detail later. Some competitive-consecutive reactions are characterized by k[ = 2k2 and the maximum yield of R will be 50% when the stoichiometric ratio of B to P. N. Sharratt (ed.), Handbook of Batch Process Design

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Micromixing in static mixers: an experimental study

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

NETmix®, a new type of static mixer: Experimental characterization and model validation

NETmix®, a new type of static mixer: Experimental characterization and model validation

Computational Fluid Dynamics in Microreactors Analysis and Design: Application to Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Mixing and the selectivity of fast chemical reactions

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