Microincineration and ash analysis

Uber, Fred M.

doi:10.1007/bf02882483

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This conclusion is based on the negative reaction of the vacuoles for carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins. The ash is most possibly calcium or phosphorus (Uber, 1940). As the vacuoles are closely associated with the ER, and the ER, in turn, is closely associated with the plasma membrane, it is possible that the ER is active in the transport of the material found in the vacuoles within the cells.…”

Section: Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of the Synergids of Cotton

Jensen

1965

American J of Botany

101

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The composition and ultrastructure of the synergids of cotton were studied. The cells were found to be surrounded by a partial wall composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins. The structure of the wall was observed to consist of an unusual fibrillar arrangement. The filiform apparatus was demonstrated to be an extension of the wall at the micropylar end of the cell. Large amounts of ER surround the filiform apparatus. Also associated with the latter are large numbers of plastids and mitochondria. The nucleus is large and contains a single, large nucleolus and, frequently, 1 or more micronucleoli. The nuclear membrane contains membrane‐bound vesicles but has few extensions into the cytoplasm. The ER is oriented parallel to the long axis of the cell and decreases in concentration from the micropylar to the chalazal end of the cell. Dictyosomes are common throughout the cell but are more numerous in the midportion where they are closely associated with the ER. The chalazal end of the cell is occupied by vacuoles rich in an inorganic compound which leaves a considerable residue of ash. Spherosome‐like bodies are common throughout the cell. Both the plastids and mitochondria show evidence of division. Ribosomes are numerous and are both free and associated with the ER, nucleus, plastids, and mitochondria. The function of the synergids is proposed to be the absorption, storage, and transport of compounds from the nucellus. On the basis of this function, it is suggested that the synergids act by providing material to the egg and the developing embryo and endosperm and that they are involved in the growth of the pollen tube into the embryo sac.

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Section: Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of the Synergids of Cotton

Jensen

1965

American J of Botany

101

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“…Spodograms are made by mounting ash material on microscope slides. The process was developed by Uber (9) and. used by Molisch (3) and Ohki (4) skeletal deposits.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Chemical Nature of Silica in Plants.

1958

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Silica has longf been known to be present in plants. Richardson (6) reported its abundance in the aerial parts of plants of the Equisetum genus and many Gramineae, constituting 50 to 70 % of the ash. He also stated that of all elements found in plants, silicon showved the greatest variation between plant parts, plants, and species of plants. Silicon usually occurs in plants in the form of its oxide, SiO2, commonly called silica.Although the presence of silica has been established its chemical form in higher plants has not been reported. This study was conducted primarily to provide such information. Since opal and a quartz are produced and exist as minerals at temperatures favorable to plant growth one might expect that silica in plants would be one or the other or both.According to Iler (2) the solubility of amorphous silica at ordinary temperatures is most commonly reported to be about 0.010 to 0.015 %. Esau (1) stated that some plants absorb more silica than they need and inasmuch as it cannot be excreted, it is deposited in the tissues. In general, the more water absorbed by a plant, the greater the amount of silica deposited. Silica is deposited mostly in cell walls, but sometimes as bodies in the lumen of the cell. The Gramineae is the best known group depositing silica; the deposition takes place in both cell walls and cell lumina. Silica is not usually deposited in underground parts.In this work the silica was characterized by chemical analysis, petrographic microscope studies, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The petrographic microscope was used for the initial identification of the type of silica present. The optical characteristics of opal and quartz are quite different so that this method of study is readily used to differentiate between them. X-ray diffraction studies were conducted to supplement the information gained by the petrographic microscope and to show the presence of minor constituents. The x-ray diffraction pattern of a quartz has been determined by Swanson and Fuyat (7) and x-rav studies of opal have been made by Swineford and Franks (8).This study has also established: (A) unreported types of silica deposition and (B) tissues other than the epidermis as sites of silica deposition. Spodograms were used for this purpose as they are the best method for studying the sites and depositional pattern of silica in situ. Spodograms are made by mounting ash material on microscope slides. The process was developed by Uber (9) and. used by Molisch (3) and Ohki (4) to get distinct, transparent

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“…Spodograms were prepared by the Ponnaiya (1951) modification of the Uber (1940) method. Material to be examined was placed between microscope slides for ashing in a muffle furnace at 500°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica and Ash in Several Marsh Plants

Lanning¹,

Eleuterius

1981

GCR

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Ash and silica content and their depositional patterns in tissues of Spartina alternigora Loisel., Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Scirpus validus Vahl., Zizania aquatica L., and Limonium carolinianum (Walt.) Britt. were determined. Zizania aquatica leaves had the highest silica content (6.0%) of any of the plant parts tested; silica making up over half of the ash. Silica in the plants was opaline in character. Limonium carolinianum did not accumulate silica in any great amount. However, ash content was very high in Limonium carolinianum and Scirpus validus making up over 17% of the dry weight of the leaves. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of halite (NaCl) and calcium sodium phosphate (2.4 CaO 0.6 Na2O. PzOs) in the ash of the leaves of all the plants from Mississippi except Zizania aquatica. Mineral deposition (silica and other minerals) in Zizania aquatica occurs in rows lengthwise of the leaf, and there are bowtie-and oval-shaped phytoliths. In Distichlis spicatu leaves, mineral deposits occur in rows of elongate, serrated units. Spongy mineral deposition occurs lengthwise of the leaves of Spartina alterniflora and some of these deposits, including the silica, are fibrous. In Scirpus validus heavy deposits occur lengthwise of the leaf. Silica occurs in a sheetlike pattern and in rows of oval particles.

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Microincineration and ash analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

The Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of the Synergids of Cotton

The Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of the Synergids of Cotton

The Chemical Nature of Silica in Plants.

Silica and Ash in Several Marsh Plants

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