Microfluidic integration of nanomechanical resonators for protein analysis in serum

Lab-on-a-Chip, Micro- and Nanoscale Immunoassay Systems, and Microarrays

“…Absorbance (Lee et al, 2009a;Maier et al, 2008) Fluorescence (Herr et al, 2007;Ryu et al, 2011;Ruckstuhl et al, 2011;Jokerst et al, 2008;Meagher et al, 2008) Fluorescence polarization (Tachi et al, 2009) Phosphorescence (Yan et al, 2006) Chemiluminescence (Yacoub-George et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2009;Bhattacharyya and Klapperich, 2007;Sista et al, 2008b) TLM (Ihara et al, 2010) SERS (Mulvaney et al, 2003;Cho et al, 2009) SPR (Karlsson et al, 1991;Lee et al, 2007b;Feltis et al, 2008;Chinowsky et al, 2007) Potentiometric (Chumbimuni-Torres et al, 2006) Amperometric (Yoo et al, 2009;Nie et al, 2010) Conductometric Capacitive (Ghafar-Zadeh et al, 2009) FET (Cui et al, 2001;Stern et al, 2010) QCM (Uludag and Tothill, 2010) Cantilever (Waggoner et al, 2010;Luchansky et al, 2011) There has been extensive development of fluorescence detection capabilities in microchip-based immunoassays. Early work focused on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) where high-energy laser light is focused on a small area, with the narrow spectral emission facilitating discrimination between excitation and emission light (Chiem and Harrison, 1997;Jiang et al, 2000).…”

Current trends in nanobiosensor technology

“…The Craighead group has used mechanical resonator nanobiosensors to detect a wide variety of biomaterials, including single molecules of DNA (1587 base pairs), 57 viruses, 58 bacteria, 59 prostate-specific antigen (LOD of 1.5 fM using secondary mass labels), 60 prion proteins (LOD of 2ng/mL using secondary mass labels), 61 other proteins, 62 and cells (single-cell detection) 63 . Some of these results are from multiplexed devices incorporated in fluidic channel systems that are cycled through liquid and vacuum (for detection) cycles.…”

Design Principles for Microfluidic Biomedical Diagnostics in Space

“…Also, the steady streaming motion in the fluid driven by the oscillating boundary prevented reattachment (Sankaranarayanan et al, 2010). Another recent work describes the use of nanomechanical resonant sensors in reusable microfluidic channels for the simultaneous detection of interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor in serum (Waggoner et al, 2010). Continuing efforts in promoting reusability are yielding insights, but much work remains to be done in this area.…”