“…MEMS sensors play a substantial role in many settings, including liquid media, for biological, chemical, environmental, navigational, and medical applications. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Underwater pollution is one of several environmental issues of increasing concern nowadays. The demand of designing sensors to detect toxicity levels to organisms and/or hazards of such particular substances as mercury, cadmium, and copper in water has significantly increased.…”