An overview of sensors and sensing materials for heavy metals in aqueous environments

Abstract

This paper offers a critical overview of recent advancements in aqueous sensors for heavy metals. The paper focuses on the challenges and advantages of using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors in aqueous environments, as well as technical considerations for choosing appropriate polymeric sensing materials. In addition, general considerations and recommendations are included for developing MEMS chemical sensors. These considerations centre around the chemical nature of the target analyte and the environment of the sensor application. By following these recommendations and taking the time to design a suitable sensor and sensing material for the target application instead of a trial‐and‐error approach, it is possible to save both time and cost.

Chelating and Construction Effects on a Self‐Assembled Blend for Electrochemical Lead (II) Detection

“…Graphene/graphite, biofilms, metallic nanoparticles (NPs), organic films and polyelectrolytes are the most typical materials used for electrochemical sensors for heavy metals ions. [21,22] Raril et al [15] developed an electrochemical sensor modified with polyglycine and graphene for lead sensing in groundwater and blood. They performed cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 m phosphate buffer solution (pH 4.5) and they did not incubate in solution with the metal cation but measured directly.…”

Issue Highlights

“…By following the recommendations and taking the time to design a suitable sensor and sensing material for the target application instead of a trial-and-error approach, it is possible to save both time and cost. [3] Determination of reactivity ratios for acrylic acid and its dimer from classical parameter estimation and Bayesian approach Klaus-Dieter Hungenberg, Christian Schwede, Michael Wulkow, Niklas Wulkow…”

“…This paper focuses on how these factors affect MEMS‐based sensors and polymeric sensing materials and how these challenges may be overcome or exploited to create a sensitive, selective, and viable sensor. By following the recommendations and taking the time to design a suitable sensor and sensing material for the target application instead of a trial‐and‐error approach, it is possible to save both time and cost [3] …”

Preface to the special section in memory of Professor Kenneth F. O'Driscoll

“…This special section features 12 invited papers from researchers around the world, reflecting the extent and depth of Ken's scientific legacy in polymer science and engineering. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Ken was born 22 July 1931 in Staten Island, New York City. He attended the prestigious Regis High School in Manhattan and then the Pratt Institute for his BChE (1952).…”

“…This special section features 12 invited papers from researchers around the world, reflecting the extent and depth of Ken's scientific legacy in polymer science and engineering. [ 1–12 ]…”