Microbiological biodiversity in poultry and paddy straw wastes in composting systems

Abstract

Immense quantity of waste is generated in association with poultry meat egg and crop production. The potential risks due to disposal of these wastes are magnified as a result of dense refinement of poultry production and the decreasing amount of land available for waste disposal. The study aims at studying the microbiological biodiversity of poultry waste and paddy straw based co-composting system. The predominant microflora of the poultry manure were bacteria, fungi, enteric bacteria and spore forming bacteria whose population was high at the initiation of composting but decreased significantly as the compost approached maturity. The initial load of inherent enteric groups of bacteria in poultry waste, that also includes some pathogenic ones, is considerably reduced and some new vital groups contributed to compost quality as the microbiological biodiversity sets in the system and becomes stable. Major fraction of nitrogen of poultry waste was subjected to ammonia volatilization and a fraction of it conserved by cocomposting it in conjunction with wastes having low nitrogen contents. In the treatment T 1 and T 5 , where poultry manure and paddy straws alone were composted, 60 and 30 percent of organic carbon, respectively, was lost over a period of six months. Whereas in treatments T 2 ,T 3 and T 4, poultry manure and paddy straw were co-composted in the ratio of 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3, respectively, 51.4,45.0 and 37.0 percent of carbon, respectively, was lost during decomposition. The C: N ratio in all the treatments decreased significantly to 18.3 for T 1 , 24.7 for T 2 , 27.0 for T 3 , 34.9 for T 4 and 38.5 for T 5 at the end of composting period.

Characterization, Extraction and Foliar Spray of Fortified Humic Acid on Quality of Capsicum

“…This is mainly because of higher surface area and porosity. Similar results were reported by Devi et al, (2012). The poultry manure was rich in nitrogen (2.85 %) and the total P, K, Ca, Mg and sulphur contents were 1.56, 1.69, 2.89, 1.23 and 0.50 per cent respectively which could be supported by the results of Mohamed et al, (2010).…”

Assessment of physicochemical changes during composting rice straw with chicken and donkey manure

“…Biostimulation as a strategy of enhancing lignocellulose degradation can be achieved using animal manure that provides extra nutrients to microbial decomposers (Higashikawa et al 2010;Lim et al 2015). Livestock manure is actually known to harbour microorganisms that are important for composting and for soil development (Devi et al 2012).…”

Assessing microbial population dynamics, enzyme activities and phosphorus availability indices during phospho-compost production

“…Similarly, high fungi distribution observed at the mesophilic phase may possibly be attributed to the relatively high moisture content around the compost since fungi as saprophytes form more colonies in moist environment than dry environment (Srivastava et al 2011). Actinomycete count recorded during the cooling-stabilization phase was highest possibly due to its primary metabolic role in oxidation of recalcitrant materials such as lignin and cellulose during agricultural waste composting (Yu et al 2007;Partanen et al 2010;Devi et al 2012;Limaye et al 2017). Hence, the diversity of microbial community in compost underpins the role of microbes in the monitoring of co-composting process for nutrient-rich and high-quality product.…”

“…Earlier studies (Yu et al 2007;Partanen et al 2010) revealed that microbial number and the level of activity changed during composting leading to heat generation that exert adverse effects on the diversity and distribution of mesophiles. Although few bacteria are reported to be thermo-tolerant, most were more active under cool environment (Devi et al 2012). The least bacteria and fungi counts were recorded during thermophilic phase possibly due to dormancy and differential responses to compost temperature (Huhe et al 2017).…”