Assessing microbial population dynamics, enzyme activities and phosphorus availability indices during phospho-compost production

Abstract

Purpose This study assessed changes in bio-quality indices and plant available P released during aerobic-thermophilic cocomposting of different mix ratios of non-reactive ground phosphate rock (GPR) with poultry and cattle manures. Methods Aerobic-thermophilic co-composting of different mix ratios (5:5, 8:2, 7:3 and 9:1) of non-reactive GPR with poultry and cattle manures was carried out. Compost piles without GPR addition were included as control. Compost samples were taken at mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling-stabilization and maturing phases for microbial counts, enzyme activities and P assessment. Results Abundance of different microbial groups across the composting phases varied greatly (p < 0.001) mostly dominated by fungi that was generally more in the cattle than poultry manure-based phospho-composts. Fungi and actinomycetes counts in the composts were positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase. A strong inter-correlation between β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase (r = 1.000, p < 0.001) was observed, suggesting that both enzymes possess same origin. Alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase contents in the phospho-composts showed negative correlation with water soluble P (r = − 0.65, p < 0.001), and Bray P1 and Fe-P contents (r = − 0.15, p > 0.05) indicating inhibition of the P forms. Quantitatively higher P was obtained from poultry manure-based phospho-compost and in the 8:2 mix ratio at compost maturity. Microbial diversity and enzyme activity exerted positive impact on P mineralization and availability from the non-reactive GPR signifying the beneficial effect of co-composting. Conclusions Co-composting of P-rich non-reactive GPR with organic wastes containing variable chemical composition promotes microbial diversity during composting and increases plant available P content and compost fertilizer value.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Sustainability of KUB chicken business from human capital perspective: case study from central Lombok regency

“…Chicken farming can cause problems for the environment, especially when there is a buildup of ammonia from chicken manure that contains nitrogen. The amount of ammonia will increase if it is decomposed by microbes [27]. Conditions of high humidity, warm temperatures and above-normal pH can exacerbate the situation [28].…”

Isolasi dan Kelimpahan Cendawan dan Cendawan Pelarut Fosfat pada Pengomposan Serbuk Gergaji dan Sekam Bakar dengan Jenis Kotoran Ternak yang Berbeda

“…Populasi cendawan terendah pada minggu terakhir pengukuran terdapat pada bahan kompos campuran kotoran ayam (Gambar 1). Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Kutu et al (2019) yang menyatakan bahwa kelimpahan mikroba (bakteri, aktinomiset dan fungi) pada kompos kotoran ternak sapi dan sejenisnya lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan kelimpahan mikroba pada kompos kotoran ternak unggas. Populasi cendawan pada bahan kompos campuran kotoran kambing dan kotoran ayam cenderung naik pada minggu ke-2 (Gambar 1).…”

“…Kelimpahan CPF pada kompos campuran kotoran sapi terjadi pada minggu ke-3 sedangkan kompos campuran kotoran ayam terjadi pada minggu ke-5. Jenis material kompos yang berbeda juga menyebabkan jenis, populasi dan aktivitas mikroba yang berbeda pula (Kutu et al, 2019).…”

“…Kerapatan CPF lebih tinggi terdapat pada bahan kompos yang menggunakan campuran kotoran ayam dan kotoran sapi yaitu 10 6 cfu sedangkan kerapatan CPF pada campuran kotoran kambing lebih rendah. Jenis material kompos kotoran ternak dan unggas mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim alkalin fosfatase dan βglukosidase mikroba yang berbeda (Kutu et al, 2019). Villar et al, (2016) juga menyatakan bahwa aktivitas enzim β-glukosidase, selulase, asam fosfatase, alkalin fosfatase dan protease mikroba berbeda pada kompos lumpur limbah kota, lumpur industri pengolahan ikan dan kotoran babi.…”

Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi and Alkaline Phosphatase Trigger the P Solubilization During the Co-composting of Sorghum Straw Residues With Burkina Faso Phosphate Rock

“…Since, the primers of phoD used to encode the alkaline phosphatase covers a high diversity of bacteria and fungi, with a stronger incidence on bacteria (Bergkemper et al, 2016), our results on phoD abundance and its relationships with the compost's physicochemical properties ( Supplementary Table S3 and Table 5), indicate that not only the PSF but also phosphate-solubilizing bacteria may take parts in the mineralization of P, as we already stated above. However, Kutu et al (2018) also reported that the release of alkaline phosphatase was tightly linked to the activity of fungi.…”