Microbial Transformation of Steroids and Sterols

Sebek, Oldrich K.; Perlman, D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-551501-6.50019-x

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Na mesma época, a empresa Reichstein-Grüssner A estabeleceu um processo para obter a L-sorbose, este um intermediário-chave no processo de produção da vitamina C (ácido ascórbico) 13 . A progesterona hidroxilada esteroespecificamente na posição C-11 pela via microbiana representou uma economia considerável na obtenção desse intermediário-chave na síntese do anti-inflamatório cortisona 33 . Esses três exemplos estão sintetizados na Figura 4.7.…”

Section: Históricounclassified

Processos de bioconversão aplicados à obtenção de fármacos e intermediários

Ferrara¹,

Siani²,

Bon³

2017

Biotecnologia Aplicada À Agro&Indústria - Vol. 4

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Section: Históricounclassified

Processos de bioconversão aplicados à obtenção de fármacos e intermediários

Ferrara¹,

Siani²,

Bon³

2017

Biotecnologia Aplicada À Agro&Indústria - Vol. 4

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“…The microbial 11a-hydroxylation of progesterone rapidly reduced the price of cortisone from $200 to $6 per gram. Further improvements have led to a current price of less than $1 per gram [18].…”

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History of Industrial Biotransformations – Dreams and Realities

Vasić-Rački

2006

Industrial Biotransformations

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Throughout the history of mankind, microorganisms have been of enormous social and economic importance. Without even being aware of their existence, very early on in history man was using them in the production of food and beverages. The Sumerians and Babylonians were practising the brewing of beer before 6000 BC, references to wine making can be found in the Book of Genesis and the Egyptians used yeast for baking bread. However, knowledge of the production of chemicals such as alcohols and organic acids through fermentation is relatively recent and the first reports in the literature only appeared in the second half of the 19th century. Lactic acid was probably the first optically active compound to be produced industrially by fermentation. This was accomplished in the USA in 1880 [1]. In 1921, Chapman reviewed a number of early industrial fermentation processes for organic chemicals [2].In the course of time, it was discovered that microorganisms could modify certain compounds by simple, chemically well defined reactions, which were further catalyzed by enzymes. Nowadays, these processes are called "biotransformations". The essential difference between fermentation and biotransformation is that there are several catalytic steps between the substrate and the product in a fermentation while there are only one or two in a biotransformation. The distinction is also in the fact that the chemical structures of the substrate and the product resemble one another in a biotransformation, but not necessarily in a fermentation.

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Steroids

Morgan¹,

Moynihan²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Steroids are members of a large class of lipid compounds called terpenes that are biogenically derived from the same parent compound, isoprene, C 5 H 8 . Steroids contain or are derived from the perhydro‐1,2‐cyclopentenophenanthrene ring system and are found in a variety of different marine, terrestrial, and synthetic sources. Nonhormonal steroids, eg, sterols and bile acids; vitamin D; and hormonal steroids, eg, the human sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, and progestins) and corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) play critical roles in the physiology and biochemistry of most living creatures. Other naturally occurring steroids, such as plant steroids, marine steroids, ecdysteroids, cardiac steroids, steroid alkaloids, and steroid antibiotics, have a plethora of biological activities and uses. Many synthetic steroids are the product of pharmaceutical research that has resulted in the development of several steroid‐based medicines with a market value over $10 billion. Among the medicinally important synthetic steroids, are antihormones, anesthetics, antiinflammatories, antiasthmatics, contraceptive drugs, antibiotics, anticancer agents, cardiovascular agents, and osteoporosis drugs.

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Microbial Transformation of Steroids and Sterols

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Processos de bioconversão aplicados à obtenção de fármacos e intermediários

Processos de bioconversão aplicados à obtenção de fármacos e intermediários

History of Industrial Biotransformations – Dreams and Realities

Steroids

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