Microbial processes and the origin of the Úrkút manganese deposit, Hungary

Polgári, Márta; Hein, James R.; Vígh, Tamás; Szabó-Drubina, Magda; Fórizs, István; Bíró, Lóránt; Müller, Armin; Tóth, Adrienn

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.10.001

Cited by 113 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In most large ore bodies, Mn oxide ores have been assumed to have an abiotic source (Maynard, 2003;Maynard, 2010;Roy, 1992), although several studies do suggest a biogenic origin for Mn oxide oncolites and pisoliths deposited in shallow marine systems (Gutzmer et al, 2002;Ostwald, 1990;Reolid and Nieto, 2010), and for those associated with cherts or black shales (Hein and Koski, 1987;Polgári et al, 2012). Supergene enrichment due to weathering of existing deposits is consistent with the low temperature of associated quartz mineralization (<120 °C) at the Shouns Prospect in the Mountain City Window, as well as a biological source of Mn oxide formation, as downwardmoving Mn 2+ rich fluids would have originated from porewaters in organic-rich soils containing a variety of common Mn oxidizing microbes (He et al, 2008).…”

Section: Mountain City Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA

Carmichael

Doctor

Wilson

et al. 2017

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Manganese oxide deposits have long been observed in association with carbonates within the Appalachian Mountains, but their origin has remained enigmatic for well over a century. Ore deposits of Mn oxides from several productive sites located in eastern Tennessee and northern Virginia display morphologies that include botryoidal and branching forms, massive nodules, breccia matrix cements, and fracture fills. The primary ore minerals include hollandite, cryptomelane, and romanèchite. Samples of Mn oxides from multiple localities in these regions were analyzed using electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and trace/rare earth element geochemistry. The samples from eastern Tennessee have biological morphologies, contain residual biopolymers, and exhibit REE signatures that suggest the ore formation was due to supergene enrichment (likely coupled with microbial activity). In contrast, several northern Virginia ores hosted within quartz-sandstone breccias exhibit petrographic relations, mineral morphologies, and REE signatures indicating inorganic precipitation, and a likely hydrothermal origin with supergene overprinting. Nodular accumulations of Mn oxides within weathered alluvial deposits that occur near to breccia-hosted Mn deposits in Virginia show geochemical signatures that are distinct from the breccia matrices, and appear to reflect remobilization of earlier-emplaced Mn and concentration within supergene traps. Based on the proximity of all of the productive ore deposits to mapped faults or other zones of deformation, we suggest that the primary source of all of the Mn may have been deep-seated, and that Mn oxides with supergene and/or biological characteristics result from the local remobilization and concentration of this primary Mn. Carmichael ABSTRACTManganese oxide deposits have long been observed in association with carbonates within the Appalachian Mountains, but their origin has remained enigmatic for well over a century. Ore deposits of Mn oxides from several productive sites located in eastern Tennessee and northern Virginia display morphologies that include botryoidal and branching forms, massive nodules, breccia matrix cements, and fracture fills. The primary ore minerals include hollandite, cryptomelane, and romanèchite. Samples of Mn oxides from multiple localities in these regions were analyzed using electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and trace/rare earth element geochemistry. The samples from eastern Tennessee have biological morphologies, contain residual biopolymers, and exhibit REE signatures that suggest the ore formation was due to supergene enrichment (likely coupled with microbial activity). In contrast, several northern Virginia ores hosted within quartz-sandstone breccias exhibit petrographic relations, mineral morphologies, and REE signatures indicating inorganic precipitation, and a likely hydrothermal origin with supergene overprinting. Nodular accumulations of Mn oxides within weathered al...

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Section: Mountain City Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA

Carmichael

Doctor

Wilson

et al. 2017

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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“…1; for more details see [4]). Nowadays, the economically important reserve covers around 8 km 2 , with current reserves of 80 million tons of Mn-carbonate ore (24 weight percent average Mn and 10 weight percent Fe). The Mn-deposits occur within marine sedimentary rocks composed primarily of bioclastic limestone, radiolarian clay marlstone, and dark-grey to black shale [5].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both industrial and scientific investigations of the mineralization have been in progress in the past decades. Small portions of the deposit were subjected to detailed studies, with the goal of characterizing the ore and its conditions of formation [2]. Recently, a new genetic model was proposed for the Mn deposit according to which two cycles of bacterial activity took place during ore formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mnoxide proto-ore was deposited in the sediment, serving as a paleoenvironmental indicator of oxic conditions. Cycle 2 was an anaerobic/suboxic heterotrophic bacterial cycle in which early diagenetic bacterially mediated Mn(IV) and Mn(III) reduction processes took place via organic matter oxidation and Mn-carbonate mineralization [2,3]. For the source of metals low-temperature fluid flow along an associated fracture zone is preferred here [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refinement of genetic and structural models of the Úrkút manganese ore deposit (W-Hungary, Europe) using statistical evaluation of archive data

Bíró

Polgári²,

Tóth

et al. 2012

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:Although the Úrkút manganese ore deposit in western placecountry-regionHungary has been exploited for at least 90 years, there are still numerous open questions concerning ore genetics as well as structure and geometry of the ore body. A large set of available archive data for the deposit have been reviewed and evaluated in order to solve some of the most crucial problems. For processing, besides diverse GIS approaches, univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used on the created unified database. The main aims of the mathematical treatment were giving a classification scheme for the wide spectrum of Mn-ores based on their chemical composition (Mn, Fe, Si, P) as well as evaluation of their spatial distribution. For the ore characterization and understanding the genetic processes, cluster and discriminant function analyses were used. Results of the multivariate treatment verified the existence of different ore types and provided an exact chemical definition for all of them. It alsoinferred that the main geochemical processes that took place in ore genesis were similar for all sample groups (ore types) with significantly different weights in each case. A 3D evaluation of the Úrkút mine heading map system shows that the ore body covers the footwall surface as a stratiform sheet throughout the study area. Palaeo-relief studies suggest a significant difference between the footwall and hanging wall morphologies which clearly implies tectonic activity following ore deposition. The deposit was affected by an E-W compression stress field near the Aptian-Albian transition causing folding of the Mn deposit.

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“…In contrast, Proterozoic, Devonian, Cretaceous and Oligocene Mn deposits are widely found elsewhere in the world ( Fig. 1) (Brusnitsyn and Zhukov, 2012;Fitzgerald and Gillis, 2006;Jach and Dudek, 2005;Munteanu et al, 2004;Nyame, 2008;Nyame et al, 2002;Polgári et al, 2012Polgári et al, , 2005Roy, 2006;Salas et al, 2008;Sethumadhav et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical studies on Permian manganese deposits in Guichi, eastern China: Implications for their origin and formative environments

Xie

Sun

et al. 2013

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Microbial processes and the origin of the Úrkút manganese deposit, Hungary

Cited by 113 publications

References 70 publications

New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA

New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA

Refinement of genetic and structural models of the Úrkút manganese ore deposit (W-Hungary, Europe) using statistical evaluation of archive data

Geochemical studies on Permian manganese deposits in Guichi, eastern China: Implications for their origin and formative environments

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