Microbial Metabolism of Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Nerium oleander L.

Disturbance of the intestinal microbial community by ursolic acid contributes to its function as a regulator of fat deposition

“…Thus, the inhibitory effect of UA on colonization by Proteobacteria may be beneficial for the health of the intestine, and this result is consistent with previous studies (Dorota, Marta, & Dorota, 2013;Kurek et al, 2010;Ren et al, 2005). A high dose of supplemental UA induced increased xenobiotic metabolism (Ibrahim et al, 2008), which may produce more reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, and increase the prevalence of Proteobacteria (Winter, Lopez, & Baumler, 2013). This would explain why enhanced colonization by Proteobacteria was observed in the proximal intestine of rats.…”

“…This may be due to the antibacterial activity of UA (Acebey-Castellon et al, 2011). By acting on the microbes in the proximal intestine, UA may be transformed into other less-cytotoxic derivatives (Ibrahim et al, 2008), and these derivatives may have opposite effects compared with their precursor. This may explain why UA had an opposite effect in the distal intestine, where it increased the intestinal microbial Shannon diversity index.…”

Molluscicidal activity of Aglaia duperreana and the constituents of its twigs and leaves

“…1). The known isolates were identified as betulinic acid (2) [16], 24(R),25-dihydroxydammar-20-en-3-one (3) [17], ursolic acid (4) [18], obtusilin (5) [19], (24R)-cycloartane-3α,24,25-triol (6) [20], cabraleone (7) [21], ocotillone (8) [21], shoreic acid (9) [21], 3-hydroxy-4',5,7-trimethoxyflavone (10) [22], 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone (11) [23], naringenin trimethyl ether (12) [24], (2R,3R)-(+)-4',5,7-trimethoxydihydroflavonol (13) [25], (+)-eudesmin (14) [26], (+)-odorine (15) [27], and (+)-odorinol (16) [27]. The identification was based on the interpretation of their spectroscopic data and by comparison with reported data.…”

New Physiologically Active Kaempferol Glucoside from Abutilon pannosum

“…The signals of H-6 protons shifted downfield at δ 4.05, 4.28 indicating the probable esterification to pcoumaroyl that gave AA'BB' spin system at δ 6.86, 7.38 and the ethylenic H-7, H-8 at δ 6.12, 7.35 as a pair of doublets with trans coupling of 16 Hz. The probable glycosidation at C-3-OH was excluded on the bases of notable shifts of ring B signals [10,11]. Thus, 1 was identified as kaempferol 4'-O-(6"-O-E-pcoumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, rather than its isomer cephacoside, isolated previously from the same species …”