Microbial Geography of the Oral Cavity

Simón-Soro, Áurea; Tomás, Inmaculada; Cabrera‐Rubio, Raúl; Catalan, M.D.; Nyvad, Bente; Mira, Álex

doi:10.1177/0022034513488119

Cited by 235 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The results confirmed the findings of previous studies, which showed that saliva and plaque have a different bacterial composition (Segata et al, 2012;Simó n-Soro et al, 2013). In addition, the results showed that plaque had a higher bacterial diversity (Simpson's inverse diversity index) than saliva.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

Kistler

Arirachakaran

Poovorawan

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a range of oral conditions, and increased numbers of disease-associated microbial species have previously been found in HIV-positive subjects. The aim of this study was to use next-generation sequencing to compare the composition of the oral microbiome in HIV-positive and -negative individuals. Plaque and saliva were collected from 37 HIV-positive individuals and 37 HIV-negative individuals, and their bacterial composition determined by pyrosequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes. A total of 855 222 sequences were analysed. The number of species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected was significantly lower in the saliva of HIV-positive individuals (mean5303.3) than in that of HIV-negative individuals (mean5365.5) (P,0.0003). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on community membership (Jaccard index) and structure (Yue and Clayton measure of dissimilarity) showed significant separation of plaque and saliva samples [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), P,0.001]. PCoA plots did not show any clear separation based on HIV status. However, AMOVA indicated that there was a significant difference in the community membership of saliva between HIV-positive and -negative groups (P50.001). Linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed an OTU identified as Haemophilus parainfluenzae to be significantly associated with HIV-positive individuals, whilst Streptococcus mitis/HOT473 was most significantly associated with HIV-negative individuals. In conclusion, this study has confirmed that the microbial composition of saliva and plaque is different. The oral microbiomes of HIV-positive and -negative individuals were found to be similar overall, although there were minor but significant differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota of the two groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

Kistler

Arirachakaran

Poovorawan

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…In fact, most molecular studies are based on saliva samples or pooled plaque samples. A study by Simón-Soro et al [2013] aimed to determine the bacterial diversity of different oral microniches and to assess whether saliva and plaque samples are representative of oral microbial composition. Of particular interest, the authors found that saliva samples, especially non-stimulated saliva, were not representative of supra-and subgingival plaque but also that differences in the microbial composition were observed between buccal and lingual surfaces.…”

Section: Molecular Ecology Of Biofilms On Occlusal Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occlusal Caries: Biological Approach for Its Diagnosis and Management

et al. 2016

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The management of occlusal caries still remains a major challenge for researchers as well as for general practitioners. The present paper reviews and discusses the most up-to-date knowledge and evidence of the biological principles guiding diagnosis, risk assessment, and management of the caries process on occlusal surfaces. In addition, it considers the whole spectrum of the caries process on occlusal surfaces, ranging from the molecular ecology of occlusal biofilms to the management of deep occlusal caries lesions. Studies using molecular methods with focus on biofilms in relation to occlusal caries should explore the relationship between the function and the structural composition of these biofilms to understand the role of occlusal biofilms in caries development. State-of-the-art measures to evaluate risk for occlusal caries lesion activity, caries incidence, and progression should include the assessment of the occlusal biofilm and the stage of tooth eruption. Careful clinical examination of non-cavitated lesions, including assessment of the lesion activity status, remains the major tool to determine the immediate treatment need and to follow on the non-operative treatment outcome. Even medium occlusal caries lesions in the permanent dentition may be treated by non-invasive fissure sealing. By extending the criteria for non-invasive treatments, traditional restoration of occlusal surfaces can be postponed or even avoided, and the dental health in children and adolescents can be improved. Selective removal (incomplete) to soft dentin in deep carious lesions has greater success rates than stepwise excavation. Selective (complete) removal to firm dentin has a lower success rate due to increased pulp exposure.

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“…The bacterial count of S. mutans and lactobacilli in saliva was not considered, as there are differences in the microbial composition of saliva and biofilm present on the tooth surface [33,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries Risk Assessment by CAMBRA in Children Attending a Basic Health Unit

Freitas

Guaré

Diniz

2016

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objective: To determine the caries risk by Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) for children with mixed dentition attending a Basic Health Unit (BHU), identifying the main dental caries disease indicators, risk factors and protective factors. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 89 children of both genders aged 8-12 years. Clinical and bitewing radiographic examinations were performed by a calibrated examiner, as well as the filling of the adapted CAMBRA form. Dental caries disease indicators, risk factors and protective factors of all subjects were determined. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis for all CAMBRA variables were applied (p<0.05). Results: Caries risk was considered high in 38.2% of patients, moderate in 32.6% and low in 29.6%. The most frequent disease indicator was white spot lesion on smooth surfaces (73.0%), the most common risk factor was visible biofilm (78.7%) and protective factor was fluoridated water (100.0%). Children with "moderate risk" and "high risk" had risk of visible cavities or radiographic penetration of the dentin (OR=14.689; OR=574.363, respectively) compared to patients with "low risk". Conclusion: Caries risk determined as "high" and "moderate" were classifications most observed among children attending BHU. White spot lesions on smooth surfaces were the most frequent dental caries disease indicators and visible plaque on tooth surface and community water fluoridation were the most significant risk factors and protective factors, respectively.

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Microbial Geography of the Oral Cavity

Cited by 235 publications

References 28 publications

The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

Occlusal Caries: Biological Approach for Its Diagnosis and Management

Caries Risk Assessment by CAMBRA in Children Attending a Basic Health Unit

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