The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

Kistler, James; Arirachakaran, Pratanporn; Poovorawan, Yong; Dahlén, Gunnar; Wade, William G.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000128

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…By contrast, while the bacterial community composition of oral wash specimens was unchanged in HIV-infected compared with healthy controls, using a deep sequencing approach, a difference in fungal communities was observed (167). A recent study on HIV-infected individuals undergoing ART has reported similar oral microbiomes but significant difference in the composition of the oral cavity microbiota (168). This study found that Haemophilus parainfluenza , which has been implicated in opportunistic infections, was associated with the HIV-infected individuals (168).…”

Section: Hiv and Oral Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study on HIV-infected individuals undergoing ART has reported similar oral microbiomes but significant difference in the composition of the oral cavity microbiota (168). This study found that Haemophilus parainfluenza , which has been implicated in opportunistic infections, was associated with the HIV-infected individuals (168). A most recent study utilizing Microarray and pyrosequencing techniques reported a significant difference in the prevalence and distribution of the saliva bacterial communities among HIV-infected individuals before and after initiation of ART (169).…”

Section: Hiv and Oral Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation

Heron

Elahi

2017

Front. Immunol.

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Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to “inflammaging” that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Hiv and Oral Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hiv and Oral Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation

Heron

Elahi

2017

Front. Immunol.

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“…Although many studies have been devoted to HIV in the genital tract, the connection between HIV, oral microbiome, and periodontal disease has also drawn the attention of the scientific community [113–116] [105,106]. Recent works have found associations between periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium occurring in response to bacterial infection, and several types of oral cancers [117–120].…”

Section: Oral Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between viruses and bacterial microbiota in cancer development

Vyshenska

Lam

Shulzhenko

et al. 2017

Seminars in Immunology

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During the last few decades we have become accustomed to the idea that viruses can cause tumors. It is much less considered and discussed, however, that most people infected with oncoviruses will never develop cancer. Therefore, the genetic and environmental factors that tip the scales from clearance of viral infection to development of cancer are currently an area of active investigation. Microbiota has recently emerged as a potentially critical factor that would affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the ability of viral infection to promote carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide a model of microbiome contribution to the development of oncogenic viral infections and viral associated cancers, give examples of this process in human tumors, and describe the challenges that prevent progress in the field as well as their potential solutions.

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“…A number of authors have studied the oral microbiota of HIV‐1‐infected individuals using gene amplicon sequencing (Beck et al, ; Dang et al, ; Goldberg et al, ; Kistler, Arirachakaran, Poovorawan, Dahlen, & Wade, ; Li et al, ; Noguera‐Julian et al, ; Presti et al, ; Starr et al, ); however, only two papers have been published regarding the oral microbiome of HIV‐1‐infected children (Goldberg et al, ; Starr et al, ). These studies were carried out with HIV‐1‐infected children from the United States, by the use of 454 pyrosequencing (Goldberg et al, ) or Illumina platform on a MiSeq (Starr et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral bacteriome of HIV‐1‐infected children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Next‐generation DNA sequencing analysis

Gonçalves

Ferreira

Heng

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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Background and Aim This study compared the oral bacteriome between HIV‐1‐infected and non‐HIV‐1‐infected Brazilian children/teenagers. Methods Whole saliva, biofilm from the dorsal surface of the tongue and biofilm from supragingival and subgingival sites were collected from 27 HIV‐1‐infected and 30 non‐HIV‐1‐infected individuals. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA genes were sequenced using next‐generation sequencing technology (Ion Torrent). Results In the supragingival biofilm, the phylum Firmicutes and genus Streptococcus sp. were more frequent in HIV‐1‐infected (95% and 78%, respectively) than in non‐HIV‐1‐infected individuals (40% and 24%, respectively). In the subgingival biofilm of HIV‐infected participants, the relative abundance of the Veillonella sp. and Prevotella sp. genera were higher than in non‐HIV‐1‐infected participants. On the tongue, the genera with greater relative abundance in HIV‐1‐infected individuals were Neisseria sp. (21%). In saliva, the difference of the genus Prevotella sp. between non‐HIV‐1‐infected and HIV‐1‐infected individuals was 15% and 7%, respectively. The Chao index revealed an increase in the richness of both sub‐ and supragingival biofilms in the HIV‐1‐infected samples compared with non‐HIV‐1‐infected samples. Conclusion HIV‐1‐infected children/teenagers have a higher frequency of the phyla Firmicutes and genus Streptococcus, and their oral microbiome shows more complexity than that of non‐HIV‐1‐infected children/teenagers.

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The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation

HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation

Interplay between viruses and bacterial microbiota in cancer development

Oral bacteriome of HIV‐1‐infected children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Next‐generation DNA sequencing analysis

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