Microbial Ecology of the Oral Cavity

Bowden, G. H.; Ellwood, D. C.; Hamilton, Ian R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8279-3_4

Cited by 104 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 358 publications

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“…In particular, the nonshedding surface of enamel allows the accumulation of a biofilm that provides a protected habitat with a variety of niches that support a wide range of bacterial genera and species [40].…”

Section: The Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Yadav¹,

Prakash²

2017

J Clin Infect Dis Pract

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Section: The Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Yadav¹,

Prakash²

2017

J Clin Infect Dis Pract

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“…A. viscosus will be limited to the animal strains in their revision.) is one of the predominant micro-organisms in the oral microflora (Ellen, 1976;Ellen et al, 1978;Bowden et al, 1979). These bacteria are among the pioneer microbial species on tooth surfaces and are always found in the healthy mouth throughout dental plaque maturation (Marsh and Martin, 1992;Nyvad, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose and Lactate Metabolism By Actinomyces Naeslundii

Takahashi

Yamada

1999

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Actinomyces are among the predominant bacteria in the oral microflora. This review discusses the glucose and lactate metabolism of Actinomyces naeslundii and its ecological significance in dental plaque. This bacterium has the EmbdenMeyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway as the main route to degrade glucose. The EMP pathway-derived metabolic intermediates, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate, are further converted into different end-products, depending on the environment. Under anaerobic conditions in the absence of bicarbonate, the pyruvate is converted into lactate by a lactate dehydrogenase. In the presence of bicarbonate, the PEP is combined with bicarbonate and then converted into succinate through the succinate pathway, while the pyruvate is converted into formate and acetate through the pyruvate formate-lyase pathway. Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate liberates acetate and CO2 through a pathway initiated by a pyruvate dehydrogenase. A. naeslundii strains also degrade lactate, aerobically, to acetate and CO2 through the conversion of lactate into pyruvate by a NADindependent lactate dehydrogenase. These strains also synthesize glycogen from a glycolytic intermediate, glucose 6-phosphate. Besides atmospheric conditions and bicarbonate, the intracellular reduction-oxidation potential, carbohydrate concentration, and environmental pH also modulate the metabolism of A. naeslundii. Some of the phosphorylating enzymes involved in A. naeslundii metabolism-e.g., GTP/polyphosphate (PPn)-dependent glucokinase, pyrophosphate (PPi)-dependent phosphofructokinase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and GDP/IDP-dependent PEP carboxykinase-are unique to A. naeslundii and have not been found in other oral bacteria. The utilization of PPn and PPi as phosphoryl donors, together with glycogen synthesis and lactate utilization, could contribute to the efficient energy metabolism found in A. naeslundii. Through this flexible and efficient metabolic capacity, A. naeslundii can adapt to fluctuating environments and compete with other bacteria in dental plaque. Further, this bacterium may modify the dental plaque environment and promote the microbial population shifts in dental plaque.

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“…This plaque is a tenacious deposit on the tooth surface which consists of bacteria, their extracellular products and polymers of salivary origin [16][17][18][19]. Dental plaque is usually described in terms of tooth morphology and sampling site .…”

Section: ) Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Microbes of the Oral Environment.

Yaacob

1994

The Journal of Nihon University School of Dentistry

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Microbial Ecology of the Oral Cavity

Cited by 104 publications

References 358 publications

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Glucose and Lactate Metabolism By Actinomyces Naeslundii

Pathogenic Microbes of the Oral Environment.

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