Microbes as remediating agents in detoxification of  dyes

Abstract

Dyes are colored substances being used to color various types of fabrics and materials from ancient time. During their use in the coloring of various types of materials as well as during their synthesis; they come out in the environment as such or in the form of toxic by-products and by mixing in aqueous system generate various types of problems to organisms living in that aqueous environment as well as human beings using that polluted water in any way. Several techniques are being used in the present time to solve such environmental problems. In this direction, many researches are also running on the green use of microbial technology in bioremediation of toxic, carcinogenic and extremely harmful unused dye’s products as well as its by-products by elimination or degradation or de-colorization. This mini-review discusses about the some recent researches done in this field in order to solve this problem and future aspect of the use of this green technology

Fungal assisted bio‐treatment of environmental pollutants with comprehensive emphasis on noxious heavy metals: Recent updates

“…They may be present in the form of dyes wastes, pharmaceutical discharges, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides etc and there is strong need for their proper management to save the environment for their noxious influences. Fungi may play unique roles in the degradation of several organic pollutants and proves their position as effective bio‐agent for the bio‐detoxification of the environment (Chaurasia & Bharati, 2019; Chaurasia et al, 2020a; Hamad et al, 2021; Li et al, 2021; Muliyadi et al, 2021; Sheam et al, 2021).…”

“…Bacteria (Ghodake et al, 2011; Haque et al, 2021; Shah et al, 2013), filamentous fungi (Bhattacharya et al, 2011; Singh & Pakshirajan, 2010), yeasts (Dias et al, 2010; Ngo et al, 2016), and algae (El‐Sheekh et al, 2021; Shetty & Krishnakumar, 2020) are the microorganisms which have ability to degrade or decolorize the dyes molecules (Ngo & Tischler, 2022). Utilization of fungi in the detoxification and decolorization of dyes has attained great attention in the present scenario because fungi have strong capabilities to degrade/decolorize the organic dyes molecules through their extracellular/intracellular secretion (Chaurasia & Bharati, 2019; Chaurasia & Bharati, 2021a; Chaurasia et al, 2020a, 2020b; Lellis et al, 2019). Significant research works have been done on the mycoremediation of dyes pollutants that well‐demonstrate the efficiencies of fungi in dyes bioremediation.…”

Bioremediation of textile dyeing industry effluent from small-scale industries using a microbial consortium of Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger

“…In case of a microbial consortium, the individual microbial strain attacks the dye molecule at different positions or utilizes the metabolites produced by the co-existing strain for further decomposition [21]. Considerable research efforts have been taken in exploring MMC for textile dye treatment through bioprospecting biodiversity hotspots [22,23]. These studies do not address MMC from textile dye effluent contaminated soil and sludge.…”