Fungal-Assisted Bioremediation of Agricultural Organic Pollutants (Pesticides and Herbicides)

Abstract

Extensive use of pesticides and herbicides in the agricultural fields for the safeguard of crops engenders the huge concern regarding pollution of these agricultural fields as well as directly or indirectly linked to aquatic environment. In order to find out the apt bioremediation techniques that could be potentially used against these highly noxious agricultural pollutants, utilization of fungi and their associated enzymes like laccases and others may be an imperative tool against these pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides. Fungal system including fungal enzymes have proved their efficacy in the degradation studies of malathion (1), acetamiprid (2), 2, 4-D (3), chlorimuron-ethyl, imidacloprid (4), flubendiamide (5), thiamethoxam (6), pyrimethanil (7), cypermethrin (8), nicosulfuron (9), chlorpyrifos (10), isoproturon (11), chlorothalonil (12), DDT (13), atrazine (14), and alachlor (15) like agricultural organic pollutants which have been meritoriously and succinctly conferred here. There are limited recent works on fungal system-mediated bioremediation of pesticides and herbicides in compare to bacterial system that is why; authors have objectively decided to compile the recent promising researches on the topic to provide an effective and informative update on the significant applicability of fungal system in the removal of such organic pollutants. Herein, authors have best tried to present a clear, subject-centric and compact picture on the operative contribution of fungal systems (fungi and associated enzymes) in the biodegradation of different pesticides/insecticides or herbicides.

A Review about the Mycoremediation of Soil Impacted by War-like Activities: Challenges and Gaps

“…Concerning metals that have contaminated soils due to war-like activities, the primary problems are the contents of lead, nickel, copper, and zinc. Due to the many publications on the mycoremediation of toxic metals and metalloids, some excellent reviews [132,135,[172][173][174] are cited.…”

“…Due to all these difficulties, as far as it is known, no publication has been related to the mycoremediation of several thousands of tons of soil containing toxic metals, toxic metalloids, radionuclides, explosives, and herbicides from war zones, military training areas, and shooting ranges. This significant gap occurs even considering the wide application of fungi to degrade or immobilize all cited pollutants in several other environmental contexts [132,135,[172][173][174][224][225][226][227][228][229]. In this sense, Syngh et al [206] developed a work in which seven strains of fungi remediated agricultural soils contaminated with arsenic, and the results were promising.…”

Fungal assisted bio‐treatment of environmental pollutants with comprehensive emphasis on noxious heavy metals: Recent updates

“…Patel et al (2022) have comprehensively discussed the bioremediation technology for organic wastes. Chaurasia et al (2022c) have also reviewed the fungal assisted remediation of various herbicides and pesticides. Herein, authors have dealt with the brief and compact discussion on only the fungal based bio‐treatment of these organic pollutants to avoid the deviation from the main topic.…”

“…They have well-covered the chemical approaches including iron-enhanced sand filters, chlorination, advanced oxidation process (free radical, photochemical degradation, ozonation, and Fenton technique), and adsorption method; physical approaches like membrane filtration methods; hybrid technology; and biological techniques (using microorganisms like fungi and bacteria)(Saleh et al, 2020) Patel et al (2022). have comprehensively discussed the bioremediation technology for organic wastes Chaurasia et al (2022c). have also reviewed the fungal assisted remediation of various herbicides and pesticides.…”