Micro/nanostructured surface modification using femtosecond laser pulses on minimally invasive electrosurgical devices

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine thermal damage and a sticking problem in the tissue after the use of a minimally invasive electrosurgical device with a nanostructured surface treatment that uses a femtosecond laser pulse (FLP) technique. To safely use an electrosurgical device in clinical surgery, it is important to decrease thermal damage to surrounding tissues. The surface characteristics and morphology of the FLP layer were evaluated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy; element analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the animal model, monopolar electrosurgical devices were used to create lesions in the legs of 30 adult rats. Animals were sacrificed for investigations at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postoperatively. Results indicated that the thermal damage and sticking situations were reduced significantly when a minimally invasive electrosurgical instrument with an FLP layer was used. Temperatures decreased while film thickness increased. Thermographic data revealed that surgical temperatures in an animal model were significantly lower in the FLP electrosurgical device compared with that in the untreated one. Furthermore, the FLP device created a relatively small area of thermal damage. As already mentioned, the biomedical nanostructured layer reduced thermal damage and promoted the antisticking property with the use of a minimally invasive electrosurgical device. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 865-873, 2017.

Physico-Chemical Approaches to Improve the Characteristics of Electrosurgical Instruments

“…Альтернативным подходом к модифицированию электрохирургического инструмента стало структурирование поверхности с целью улучшения антипригарных свойств. В данном случае на поверхности предварительно формируются упорядоченные структуры, представляющие собой микроканалы или углубления [40], либо повышается шероховатость на уровне наноструктур [41,42]. Так, формирование на поверхности электрохирургического ножа из нержавеющей стали марки 304 микроканалов, перпендикулярных оси инструмента, шириной 50 мкм и глубиной 12 мкм, позволило снизить адгезию тканей за счет снижения рабочей температуры со 116 °C (не структурированная поверхность) до 93 °C [40].…”

Electrocautery‐induced molten metal particle generation from total joint replacements: Morphology and chemistry

“…Models have been developed to measure the rate of heat transfer as a function of temperature, power, and time applied, with experimental tissue temperatures increasing by 6°C (37°C → 43°C) after 1 min of 60 W application 8 . Efforts to lessen damage, both tissue and mechanical, have been attempted by altering the surface of the electrosurgical device with a porous layer thicker than the iron‐oxide surface using femtosecond laser pulse (FLP) techniques 9 . This process resulted in a smaller region of lateral and muscle tissue damage.…”

Biomimetic Anti-Adhesive Surface Microstructures on Electrosurgical Blade Fabricated by Long-Pulse Laser Inspired by Pangolin Scales

“…Only using edge shape optimization technology is also difficult to resolve the adhesive problem completely [8]. In recent years, surface modification of the electrosurgical blades to reduce tissue adhesion has attracted attention [9][10][11]. Zhang proposed filling the microstructures on liquid silicone oil to reduce adhesion [9].…”

“…Zhang proposed filling the microstructures on liquid silicone oil to reduce adhesion [9]. Lin used a femtosecond laser to produce microstructures on the electrode surface, which can effectively avoid tissue damage [10]. Li used the laser direct writing technology to fabricate the biomimetic microstructures on the blade surface to reduce tissue adhesion and friction [11].…”