Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using a Cationic Surfactant for Rapid Separation and Determination of Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Embryo of the Seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn

Abstract

Liensinine (LIE), isoliensinine (ISO) and neferine (NEF) from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn were first separated and quantitatively analyzed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with internal standard (IS) using a cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB). Complete separation of the analytes was optimally achieved within 15 min using 40 mM sodium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 6.40) containing 10 mM TTAB and 15% (v/v) methanol as buffer. Tetrahydropalmatine was used as IS to improve the repeatability and linearity relativity. The IS method resulted in excellent linearity, with correlation coefficients of regression equations of 0.9997, 0.9997 and 0.9992 for LIE, ISO and NEF, respectively. Finally, two sample extraction methods were used to investigate the contents of different parts of the embryos.

CE and CEC analysis of phytochemicals in herbal medicines

“…Ultrasonic extraction was the most frequently used method due to its efficiency and easy manipulation. Indeed, it was employed in about two‐thirds (180 out of 271 articles) of cited references (Supporting Information Tables 1–7) 4–271. Other conventional extraction methods included reflux 6, 14, 15, 21, 45, 74, 84, 87, 97, 117, 121, 123, 131, 134, 157, 162, 164, 169, 171, 172, 176, 179, 182–184, 205, 212, 227, 235, 236, 259, Soxhlet extraction 23, 89, 91, 128, 131, 244, heating extraction 22, 39, 51...…”

“…The influence of several parameters, including buffer type and concentration, pH, additives, voltage, and temperature, has been discussed in our previous reviews 1, 2. Besides, micelle and microemulsion composition for MEKC and MEEKC (Supporting Information Tables 5 and 6) 187–262, as well as sample matrix and injection parameters for online preconcentration 5, 7, 8, 25, 34, 37, 52, 112, 187, 196–198, 207, 209, 220, 238–240, 244, 247 should also be considered.…”

“…The reverse micelle systems are similar to water‐in‐oil emulsion systems, and had been used in BGE for reverse MEKC analysis of flavonoids in Alpinia katsumadai and Kuaiwei tablet 204. Besides, sodium cholate (SC) 206, 225, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) 248, Brij‐35 238, Tween‐20 187, 197, 231, polysodium N ‐undecenoxycarbonyl‐ L ‐leucinate 188, 189, lauric acid 192, 233, tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide 193, as well as mixed surfactants of SDS and sodium cholate 212, 218 were also used for MEKC analysis of phytochemicals.…”

Simultaneous separation and determination of hirsutine and hirsuteine by cyclodextrin‐modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

“…Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) is one of the modes of CE, which is frequently used for analysis of uncharged or partially charged chemical compounds. Moreover, the separation efficiency of MEKC can be improved by adding different additives such as surfactants, cyclodextrins (CDs) and organic modifiers . Cyclodextrin‐modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD‐MEKC) is a MEKC method which used CDs as additives, that demonstrated an efficient way for separation and determination of chemical compounds from crude drug.…”

“…Moreover, the separation efficiency of MEKC can be improved by adding different additives such as surfactants, cyclodextrins (CDs) and organic modifiers. [14][15][16][17] Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MEKC) is a MEKC method which used CDs as additives, that demonstrated an efficient way for separation and determination of chemical compounds from crude drug. For example, Eder et al developed a CD-MEKC method, consisting of γ-CD and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), to separate doxorubicin and doxorubicinol.…”