“…Among some of these methods, the adsorption method is a method that is widely used for the removal of dyes because the process is cheap, simple, e ective, and environmentally friendly (Muslim et al, 2021) . Several adsorbents have been studied and used for the removal of dyes, such as bio-adsorbents (Goyal et al, 2021;Akköz et al, 2019;Panchu et al, 2022), zeolites (Youssef et al, 2021Domenzain-Gonzalez et al, 2021;Abdelrahman, 2018), bentonite (Shirazi et al, 2020;Saja et al, 2020;Fabryanty et al, 2017), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Sriram et al, 2021;Feng et al, 2022;Kiwaan et al, 2021), graphite (Yin et al, 2021;Verma et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2021), and layered double hydroxide (Rashed et al, 2022;Wijaya et al, 2021;Siregar et al, 2021).…”