Metode Penentuan Awal Ramadhan Dan Hari Raya Menurut Ulama Dayah Aceh

Abstract

AbstrakPerbedaan waktu dalam pelaksanaan puasa Ramadhan dan hari raya mewarnai keadaan masyarakat Aceh saat ini. Perbedaan tersebut bukan saja terjadi pada tingkat nasional, seperti ormas-ormas Islam dan pemerintah, akan tetapi juga dikalangan ulama Dayah Aceh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemikiran ulama dayah Aceh tentang metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan awal Ramadhan dan hari raya, serta pendapat mereka terhadap mengikuti hasil isbat Kementerian Agama. Untuk itu telahdilakukan wawancara dengan sepuluh narasumber yang mewakili tiga dayah terbesar di Aceh yaitu dayah Al-Aziziyah, Al-Madinatuddiyah dan Darussalam Labuhan Haji. Selanjutnya data-data tersebut dianalis dengan hadis hisab rukyah serta konsep matla' menurut fiqh Islam. Ada beberapa temuan dari penelitian ini. Pertama, kelompok dayah Aceh menggunakan pemahaman tekstual terhadap hadis hisab dan rukyah, serta mereka berbeda pendapat dalam penggunaan hisab dalam menolak kesaksian. Sedangkan yang kedua, terkait konsep matla' mereka mengakui konsep matla' delapan derajat Abu Makhramah, tetapi mereka berbeda dalam mengamalkannya. Mayoritas dari mereka meninggalkan konsep matla' tersebut berpindah kepada matla'wilayahal-hukm dengan alasan kemaslahatan, sedangkan sebagian lagi tetap berpegang kepada teori matla' tersebut, sehingga mereka sering berpuasa Ramadhan dan berhari raya berbeda dengan pemerintah. Kata Kunci: Dayah Aceh; hisab rukyah; matla' AbstractTime difference in performing Ramadhan fasting and 'Id prays colours the situations of Acehnese society nowadays. This difference does not only take place at national level only, such as on Islamic organisations and government, but at Acehnese Dayahreligious experts level as well. The aim this study is to seek information on thoughts of Acehnese Dayah religious experts on methods used in confirming the first day of Ramadhan and 'Id prays, as well as their opinions on their involvement on the ithbat result conducted by the Indonesian Religious Council. In order to find the answer of the study, interviews were conducted to ten representatives of the biggest Dayahs in Aceh: Al-Aziziyyah, Al-Madinatuddiyyah, and Darussalam Labuhan Haji. The data were analysed with hisab-rukyah hadiths, together with matla's concept with regards with to Islamic fiqh. The result revealed that Acehnese Dayah religious experts groups employed textual understanding in regards to hisab-rukyah hadiths, and they had different opinion in using hisab in order to object witness. In regard to matla' concept, however, they approved Abu Makhramah's Eight-Degree matla' concept; however,

Implementation of the Mabims Criteria in Determining the Beginning of Islamic Month in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam

“…There are various studies related to the issue of determining the beginning of the Islamic month in different focus studies, especially in the last five years. Some studies focus only on the characteristics of determining the beginning of the Islamic month in a perspective, as has been written by Faisal Yahya Yacob and Faisal Ahmad Shah, [3] this study found that the Aceh dayah group used a textual understanding of the hadith, hisab and ru'yat, and they had different opinions in the use of hisab in rejecting testimony. Regarding the concept of matla 'they acknowledge the eight degree matla' concept of Abu Makhramah, but they differ in practice.…”

The Urgency and Contribution of Information Technology in Verifying the Beginning of Shubuh Time and the Height of Hilal Determining the Beginning of the Hijri Month

“…If the hilal is not visible, then istikmal is done (completing the number of months to 30 days). [20] The pure rukyat method does not take into account the hisab and hilal height at all in the determination of the beginning of the month. The principle of this rukyat method is that as long as the hilal is visible (regardless of its height above the horizon), and the viewer testifies and is sworn, then the next day is set as the beginning of the following month.…”