The emergence of criteria made by the Minister of Religion of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore (MABIMS) in the determination of the beginning of the Islamic month which was the result of the meeting of the Southeast Asian ministers of religion, namely Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore which was first held in 1989 in Brunei. The meeting discussed cooperation in the field of hisab ru'yat between the four countries. In Indonesia, the MABIMS criterion is better known as the hisab imkān al-ru'yah method and was discussed for the first time in 1998 in March by hisab and ru'yat experts and representatives of Islamic social organizations -such as Muhammadiyah, NU, Persis, Al-Ershad and others. The deliberation that took place on September 28, 1998 resulted in a decision on 8 criteria for MABIMS in Indonesia. However, in reality the Indonesian government is considered inconsistent with the application of the MABIMS Criteria. According to the initial assumption, Indonesian researchers sometimes prefer the use of rukyat rather than using the MABIMS criteria reckoning. Meanwhile, Brunei Darussalam was impressed with Indonesia when it applied the MABIMS criteria inconsistently, because Brunei Darussalam only applied the MABIMS Criteria reckoning in the determination of the beginning of the Islamic month apart from Ramadan, Shawwal and Dzulhijjah. This research is a normative type of research using a qualitative approach, using primary and secondary data in the study. This research resulted in: First, the two countries only apply in the months other than Ramadan, Syawal and Dzulhijjah, while the determination of the first three months of Islam uses the guidelines of rukyatul hilal. Second, in terms of the validity of the application of the MABIMS Criteria in Indonesia and Brunei Darusslam according to fiqh and astronomy, it is permissible to use the approach of observational data or rukyatul hilal in the field.
The fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities is a public concern. Various regulations have been issued to guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities. One of them is the right to have a body in the public space. However, the implementation of these regulations has not run optimally. This article aims to analyze the implementation of the policy on the religious rights of persons with disabilities and the factors that hinder its fulfillment. In addition, this article also describes what solution steps need to be taken in order to provide legal protection for the fulfillment of the right of worship accessibility for persons with disabilities in Malang City from a maqashid sharia perspective. This article is a doctrinal law research with a sociological approach. Primary data were obtained directly through interviews, while secondary data were obtained through documentation. The results of this study indicate that the state has protected the rights of persons with disabilities through Law Number 39 of 1999, Law Number 8 of 2016, Regional Regulation of Malang City Number 2 of 2014, Regional Regulation Number 4 of 1997. However, the implementation of this regulation encountered obstacles. because of the lack of socialization and coordination between the government and the community. The fulfillment of the right of accessibility for persons with disabilities in carrying out worship at the Malang City Mosque is part of the primary sharia maqashid, in particular maintaining religion (hifz al-din) and honoring persons with disabilities as human beings.Keywords: disabilites; religious right; maqashid syariah.Abstrak: Pemenuhan hak penyandang disabilitas menjadi perhatian masyarakat. Berbagai regulasi telah dikeluarkan untuk menjamin hak-hak penyandang disabilitas. Salah satunya adalah hak beribadan di ruang public. Namun, implementasi peraturan tersebut belum berjalan maksimal. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis pelaksanakaan kebijakan hak beragama penyandang disabilitas dan faktor-faktor penghambat pemenuhannya. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mendeskripsikan langkah solutif apa yang perlu diambil dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas ibadah bagi penyandang disabilitas di Kota Malang perspektif maqashid syariah. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum doctrinal dengan pendekatan sosiologis. Data-data yang bersifat primer diperoleh secara langsung melalui wawancara sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa negara telah melindungi hak-hak penyandang disabilitas melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999, Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016, Peraturan Daerah Kota Malang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014, Peraturan Daerah Nomor 4 Tahun 1997. Namun implementasi regulasi ini menemui kendala karena kurangnya sosialisasi dan koordinasi antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam melaksanakan ibadah di Masjid Kota Malang adalah merupakan bagian dari maqashid syariah primer, khususnya memelihara agama (hifz al-din) dan kehormatan penyandang disabilitas sebagai manusia.Kata Kunci: disabilitas; hak beragama; maqashid syariah.
The ups and downs of COVID-19 were motivated by the neglect of the rule of law. China was the first country to be affected by COVID-19 as well as a country that managed to overcome it. This success is the result of the hard work of the Chinese government and its people. The theory initiated by Seidman emphasizes the existence of a good legal culture, but every rule of law that is successfully enforced in one place cannot necessarily be applied elsewhere. The purpose of this study was to find out the methods of preventing the spread of COVID-19 used by China and their relevance to other countries in the application of these methods. This is done by using Seidman's theory as an analytical knife. This research method is qualitative-normative literature-based. The results showed that China implemented a system of lockdown and Chinese Medicine (CM).Keywords: Coping with COVID-19, legal culture, Seidman's theory. AbstrakPasang-surut COVID-19 dilatarbelakangi adanya pengabaian aturan hukum. Cina merupakan negara yang pertama kali terkena dampak COVID-19 sekaligus sebagai negara yang berhasil menanggulanginya. Keberhasilan tersebut merupakan hasil dari adanya kerja keras yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Cina dan masyarakatnya. Teori yang digagas oleh Seidman menekankan adanya budaya hukum yang baik, namun setiap aturan hukum yang berhasil diberlakukan di suatu tempat tidak semerta-merta bisa terapkan oleh tempat lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 yang digunakan oleh Cina dan relevansinya dengan negara-negara lain dalam penerapan metode tersebut. Demikian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori Seidman sebagai pisau analisis. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-normatif yang berbasis kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cina menerapkan sistem lockdown dan Chinese Medicine (CM).Kata Kunci: Penanggulangan COVID-19, budaya hukum, teori Seidman
The history of Islamic law witnesses the development of Islamic legal methodology, known widely as usul al-fiqh, which aims at discovering God’s intention through sound judg-ment. Usul fiqh is considered responsible for the dynamism of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Every school of thought (madzhab) has its own method of deducing law from its source, which might be different from the other. Initially intending to combine two conflicting methods existent in his time, al-Syafi’i has established his own method upon which arose new school of legal thought. This paper aims at depicting the development of usul al-fiqh from the time of al-Syafi’i up to that of Khudlari Bik in modern time.<br /><br />Sejarah hukum Islam membuktikan bahwa perkembangan usul al-fiqh bertujuan untuk menemukan maksud Tuhan melalui hukum yang yang dikaji secara mendalam. Usul Fiqh dianggap bertanggung jawab terhadap dinamika fiqh. semua Madzhab memiliki metode masing-masing dalam pengambilan dasar hukum yang mungkin berbeda satu sama lain. pada awalnya, Syafi’i bertujuan untuk mengkombinasikan two metode yang berbeda yang ada pada masanya, beliau membentuk metode sendiri yang kemudian berdiri sendiri sebagai madzhab baru. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perkem-bangan usul fiqh dari masa al-Syafi’i sampai khudlari Bik pada masa modern.<br /><br />Keywords: Yurisprudensi Islam, Usul Fiqh, Madzhab<br /><br />
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