Nanomedicine is a new distinct scientific discipline that explores applications of nanoscale materials (1-1000 nm) for various biomedical applications. At nanoscale, the physical properties of materials are altered as well as their interactions with cells and tissue. This occurs primarily because of the significant difference in the surface area-volume ratio as materials are reduced to nanosized level 1 . Nanomedicine explores nanotechnology for monitoring, repair, and control of human biological systems at cellular and molecular levels using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures 2 . Nanomedicine thus can improve diagnosis and treatment, and it can also be used in tissue engineering to replace some functions of human organs. The potential scope of nanotechnology in urology is wide-ranging, from prevention to early detection, treatment, prognosis, and symptom management 3 . The most common nanoscale drug delivery and imaging vehicles (nanocarriers) include polymeric nanoparticle, dendrimers, nanoshells, liposomes, nucleic acid based nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticle, and virus nanoparticles 4 . This review summarizes some of the emerging applications of nanomedicine in urology.