Methods of synthesis, characteristics, and environmental applications of MXene: A comprehensive review

Kumar, Jatish; Prakash, P.; Krithiga, T.; Amarnath, D. Joshua; Premkumar, J.; Rajamohan, N.; Vasseghian, Yasser; Saravanan, P.; Rajasimman, M.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131607

Cited by 272 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Mxenes, first discovered by Naguib et al in 2011 [43], are a developing novel material family of two-dimensional (2D) materials with a formula of M n+1 X n T x , which are composed of transition metals (M), carbides/nitrides (X), and functional groups such as hydroxyl, oxygen or fluorine (X) [44][45][46]. The presence of hydroxyl groups or terminal oxygen on the surface gives MXene materials more application prospects, such as high hydrophilicity and processability [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional, Robust, and Porous PHBV—GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Good Hydrophilicity, Antibacterial Activity, and Platelet Adsorption Performance

Zheng

Xiao

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The limitations of hydrophilicity, strength, antibacterial activity adsorption performance of the biobased and biocompatible polymer materials, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), significantly restrict their wider applications especially in medical areas. In this paper, a novel composite membrane with high antibacterial activity and platelet adsorption performance was prepared based on graphene oxide (GO), MXene and 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), which are medium-chain-length-copolymers of PHA. The GO/MXene nanosheets can uniformly inset on the surface of PHBV fibre and give the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes superior hydrophilicity due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and terminal oxygen on the surface of nanosheets, which further provides the functional site for the free radical polymerization of ester bonds between GO/MXene and PHBV. As a result, the tensile strength, platelet adsorption, and blood coagulation time of the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes were remarkably increased compared with those of the pure PHBV membranes. The antibacterial rate of the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can reach 97% due to the antibacterial nature of MXene. The improved strength, hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and platelet adsorption performance suggest that PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes might be ideal candidates for multifunctional materials for haemostatic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional, Robust, and Porous PHBV—GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Good Hydrophilicity, Antibacterial Activity, and Platelet Adsorption Performance

Zheng

Xiao

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…In order to obtain spintronic devices with superior soft ferromagnetism, Gd-doped Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene is prepared to reduce the bandgap width. [73,116] Gd-doping increases the number of spin-up electrons of DOS and produces more unpaired currents. [73] According to the above summaries, it can be found that researches on N-doping are relatively mature.…”

Section: Rare Earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element‐Doped Mxenes: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Applications

Wang

Sun

et al. 2022

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Heteroatom doping can endow MXenes with various new or improved electromagnetic, physicochemical, optical, and structural properties. This greatly extends the arsenal of MXenes materials and their potential for a spectrum of applications. This article comprehensively and critically discusses the syntheses, properties, and emerging applications of the growing family of heteroatom‐doped MXenes materials. First, the doping strategies, synthesis methods, and theoretical simulations of high‐performance MXenes materials are summarized. In order to achieve high‐performance MXenes materials, the mechanism of atomic element doping from three aspects of lattice optimization, functional substitution, and interface modification is analyzed and summarized, aiming to provide clues for developing new and controllable synthetic routes. The mechanisms underlying their advantageous uses for energy storage, catalysis, sensors, environmental purification and biomedicine are highlighted. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the study and application of multifunctional high‐performance MXenes are presented. This work could open up new prospects for the development of high‐performance MXenes.

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“…The first and most well-known MXene was Ti 3 C 2 obtained by dipping Ti 3 AlC 3 fine powders in presence of hydrofluoric acid at ambient conditions [ 6 ]. Thus, all MXenes have the formula Mn + 1XnTx, where M is a transition metal, X is carbon or nitrogen with n = 1, 2 or 3, T are the surface termination groups (represented, as a rule, by O, -F or -OH) and x is the number of the surface functional groups [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Toxicity Assessment, Environmental and Biomedical Applications of MXenes: A Review

et al. 2022

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MXenes are a family of two-dimensional (2D) composite materials based on transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides that have been attracting attention since 2011. Combination of electrical and mechanical properties with hydrophilicity makes them promising materials for biomedical applications. This review briefly discusses methods for the synthesis of MXenes, their potential applications in medicine, ranging from sensors and antibacterial agents to targeted drug delivery, cancer photo/chemotherapy, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and environmental applications such as sensors and adsorbents. We focus on in vitro and in vivo toxicity and possible mechanisms. We discuss the toxicity analogies of MXenes and other 2D materials such as graphene, mentioning the greater biocompatibility of MXenes. We identify existing barriers that hinder the formation of objective knowledge about the toxicity of MXenes. The most important of these barriers are the differences in the methods of synthesis of MXenes, their composition and structure, including the level of oxidation, the number of layers and flake size; functionalization, test concentrations, duration of exposure, and individual characteristics of biological test objects Finally, we discuss key areas for further research that need to involve new methods of nanotoxicology, including predictive computational methods. Such studies will bring closer the prospect of widespread industrial production and safe use of MXene-based products.

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Methods of synthesis, characteristics, and environmental applications of MXene: A comprehensive review

Cited by 272 publications

References 133 publications

Multifunctional, Robust, and Porous PHBV—GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Good Hydrophilicity, Antibacterial Activity, and Platelet Adsorption Performance

Multifunctional, Robust, and Porous PHBV—GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Good Hydrophilicity, Antibacterial Activity, and Platelet Adsorption Performance

Element‐Doped Mxenes: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Applications

Synthesis, Toxicity Assessment, Environmental and Biomedical Applications of MXenes: A Review

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