Element‐Doped Mxenes: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Applications

Abstract

Heteroatom doping can endow MXenes with various new or improved electromagnetic, physicochemical, optical, and structural properties. This greatly extends the arsenal of MXenes materials and their potential for a spectrum of applications. This article comprehensively and critically discusses the syntheses, properties, and emerging applications of the growing family of heteroatom‐doped MXenes materials. First, the doping strategies, synthesis methods, and theoretical simulations of high‐performance MXenes materials are summarized. In order to achieve high‐performance MXenes materials, the mechanism of atomic element doping from three aspects of lattice optimization, functional substitution, and interface modification is analyzed and summarized, aiming to provide clues for developing new and controllable synthetic routes. The mechanisms underlying their advantageous uses for energy storage, catalysis, sensors, environmental purification and biomedicine are highlighted. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the study and application of multifunctional high‐performance MXenes are presented. This work could open up new prospects for the development of high‐performance MXenes.

Novel Strain Engineering Combined with a Microscopic Pore Synergistic Modulated Strategy for Designing Lattice Tensile-Strained Porous V2C-MXene for High-Performance Overall Water Splitting

“…The following conclusions can be obtained by analyzing Figure a–c: (1) TS (24) -P (50) -V 2 C delivers unexceptionable Gibbs free energy (GH*), and the absolute value of GH* is much lower than that of V 2 C-MXene, which ensures a faster H adsorption/desorption reaction process. (2) With the progress of the experimental steps, the results demonstrate that the GH* value of TS (24) -P (50) -V 2 C gradually approaches 0, which indicates that the theoretical catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst gradually increases with the progress of the experimental steps. , In addition to the DFT calculation of GH*, the water dissociation barrier of the catalyst can further prove the reason for the enhanced electrocatalytic activity at atomic level. As expected, the water dissociation barrier of V 2 C-MXene is higher than that of TS (24) -P (50) -V 2 C (Figure c).…”

“…( 2) With the progress of the experimental steps, the results demonstrate that the GH* value of TS (24) -P (50) -V 2 C gradually approaches 0, which indicates that the theoretical catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst gradually increases with the progress of the experimental steps. 79,80 In addition to the DFT calculation of GH*, the water dissociation barrier of the catalyst can further prove the reason for the enhanced electrocatalytic activity at atomic level. As expected, the water dissociation barrier of V 2 C-MXene is higher than that of TS (24) -P (50) -V 2 C (Figure 7c).…”

Integrated Photovoltaic Charging and Energy Storage Systems: Mechanism, Optimization, and Future

“…Compared with connecting high-cost photovoltaic and battery modules, SPRBs store solar energy by driving nonspontaneous reversible redox reactions in PEC cells through photoelectrode materials. [89,163,164] And delivering energy through reverse electrochemical reactions in the same device is much more cost-effective. [165,166] In order to obtain high conversion efficiency and high durability, photoanode with suitable energy level (energy level matching) needs to be considered when designing integrated photoelectrodes to meet the requirements (light harvesting efficiency and charge separation efficiency) of different devices.…”

MXenes Thin Films: From Fabrication to Their Applications

“…MXene thin films have been widely explored in lab-based applications, but still, an improvement is required for industrial scale. Further, doping of MXene with other elements could enhance their applicability in energy storage, sensing, and biomedical field [ 174 ]. Lastly, advanced electron microscopic studies of thin films of MXene materials could open a new door to surface functionalization and modification of such a novel material [ 175 ].…”