Methods of Reordering the Correlation Matrix to Facilitate Visual Inspection and Preliminary Cluster Analysis

Hunter, John E.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1973.tb00782.x

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A useful methodological consideration that follows from an analysis of external consistency is that indicators from other scales provide a means by which to assess unidimensionality of the items that define the given scale. Simply stated, given Equation 3, measures that are truly alternate indicators of the same underlying construct will correlate proportionally with other indicators and factors to within sampling error (Hunter, 1973;Hunter & Gerbing, 1982;Anderson & Gerbing, 1982). The construction of scales to satisfy the requirements of a multiple-indicator measurement model is, in many ways, a more explicit formalization of traditional psychometric procedures for achieving unidirnensional scales (Gerbing &Anderson, 1988;Gerbing, 1989).…”

Section: Multiple-indicator Measurement Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The 16PF Related to the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Multiple-Indicator Measurement versus the A Priori Scales

Gerbing¹,

Tuley²

1991

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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This article examines the Sixteen Personality Factor Inventory (16PF; Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970) in terms of recent methodological and substantive developments: restricted (confirmatory) factor analysis and the five-factor model of personality as operationalized by the NEO-PI (NEO Personality Inventory). A multiple-indicator measurement model of the 16PF was constructed and analyzed with a restricted factor analysis and then cross-validated with a confirmatory analysis on a new sample. The relations of the a priori 16PF scales and the derived scales with the NEO-PI were investigated with comparative canonical correlation analyses. Both the a priori and derived 16PF scales demonstrated strong relationships to the NEO-PI scales, with the canonical correlations for the a priori scales slightly larger. These findings lead to the conclusion that the original 16PF remains robust in the context of these more recent developments.

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Section: Multiple-indicator Measurement Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Items were initially grouped together on the basis of their correlations using the ITAN ordering (Hunter, 1973) procedure. Preliminary scales were then constructed by examining the entire 184 x 184 ordered correlation matrix.…”

Section: Analytic Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

The 16PF Related to the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Multiple-Indicator Measurement versus the A Priori Scales

Gerbing¹,

Tuley²

1991

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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“…For each of the scale variables, procedures related to examination of the factor structure of a scale were used to compare the expected correlation matrix, generated on the basis of the theoretical measurement model, to the observed matrix generated by the actual data (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994;Hunter, 1973;Hunter & Cohen, 1969;Levine & McCroskey, 1990).…”

Section: Preliminary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Student Predisposition to Instructor Feedback and Perceptions of Teaching Presence Predict Motivation Toward Online Courses

Cole

Nicolini

Anderson

et al. 2017

OLJ

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Much research into college student motivation focuses on traditional face-to-face (FtF) classroom settings. Building from previous research in Feedback Intervention Theory (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996) and the Community of Inquiry framework (Anderson, Rourke, Garrison, & Archer, 2001;Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 1999), this study sought to identify predictors of student motivation toward online courses. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression, using data from 190 online undergraduate students, suggest that student predisposition to receiving instructor feedback and student perceptions of teaching presence provide strong prediction of student motivation toward online courses. However, perceptions of teaching presence did not predict motivation in the hypothesized direction. These findings support the notion that the online learning environment offers its own unique set of challenges and opportunities, and warrants continued empirical research beyond comparisons to FtF classroom settings.

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“…Frequent references can be found in the literature to a paper by Anderson and Gerbing (1982) and to a paper by Hunter (1973) and one by Tryon and Bailey (1970) suggesting the use of the similarity coefficient or the index of proportionality to estimate the unidimensionality of measures. This index is based on the following idea.…”

Section: Test Of Unidimensionality Using the Similarity Indexmentioning

confidence: 97%

Selection of Indicators for the Interaction Term in Structural Equation Models with Interaction

2007

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Kenny and Judd (1984, Psychological Bulletin 96: 201-210) suggested using structural equation models to model interaction effects since they allow correction for measurement error. They proposed using all possible products of the indicators of the two interacting variables as indicators for the interaction term. Jöreskog and Yang (1996, Advanced Structural Equation Modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 57-88.) defended that this is not necessary; one product variable is sufficient to estimate the interaction effect. However, they did not specify which indicators should be chosen if there is more than one possibility. We prove that the optimal choice is to select the indicators with the highest reliabilities. But this is only true if certain assumptions hold. We go on to show that one can get very different results depending on the indicators chosen for the interaction term if the indicators are not congeneric which is often the case. These methodological arguments will be illustrated by a study of the purchasing or boycotting of certain products for environmental reasons.

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Methods of Reordering the Correlation Matrix to Facilitate Visual Inspection and Preliminary Cluster Analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 2 publications

The 16PF Related to the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Multiple-Indicator Measurement versus the A Priori Scales

The 16PF Related to the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Multiple-Indicator Measurement versus the A Priori Scales

Student Predisposition to Instructor Feedback and Perceptions of Teaching Presence Predict Motivation Toward Online Courses

Selection of Indicators for the Interaction Term in Structural Equation Models with Interaction

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