Methods for Detection of Aflatoxins in Agricultural Food Crops

Wacoo, Alex Paul; Wendiro, Deborah; Vuzi, Peter C.; Hawumba, Joseph F.

doi:10.1155/2014/706291

Cited by 191 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…For derivatization, 0.6 ml of acetonitrile and 1.2 ml of derivatizing mixture were added to the AFs vials only. Samples were then placed in an incubator at 65˚C for 9 minutes before injecting the samples on HPLC system [12] [14]. The final concentration for the six determinations of B1 and G1 was 26.4 ppb while it was 8 ppb for B2 and G2 in all samples ( Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging the Expiry Dates of Two Mycotoxins Standards: Afla and Ochra A

Aridi¹,

Baydoun²,

Sukhn³

2017

MSCE

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Objectives: To challenge the expiry dates of low concentration high purity mycotoxins standards. Literature Review: Aflatoxins (AFs) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are persistent mycotoxins with adverse effects on humans. Mycotoxins standards are purchased to determine mycotoxin concentrations in food and may be stocked in some laboratories beyond expiry dates causing laboratories financial losses. Methods: Certified mycotoxins standards were purchased over the years from the same supplier at times and at other times from two different suppliers for quality control purposes. For AFs, six chromatographic runs for each of the mycotoxins standards were done to compare the difference among these standards having the following expiry dates (2008, 2012, 2013 and 2018). AFs standards purchased/obtained from two different suppliers in 2016 and expiring in 2018 were also compared. For OTA, the difference of concentration obtained between two years (2010 and 2018) was tested. All samples were run on a HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector. Linearity of calibration curves and the points of lowest detection were determined for AFs components and for OTA from the unexpired mycotoxins standards. Results: At a 0.05 significance level and using non parametric tests, the statistical test revealed a p of 0.166, 0.153, 0.358 and 0.03 for B1, G1, B2 and G2 respectively among years for standards from same supplier and 0.037, 0.109, 0.182 and 0.182 for B1, G1, B2 and G2 respectively for unexpired standards from two different suppliers. For OTA, a p of 0.109 was obtained for standards of different expiry dates purchased from different suppliers. Conclusion: High purity low concentration mycotoxin standards purchased a decade ago (i.e. expired) did not differ from those purchased this current year (still valid). Hence, the expiry date can be renewed reducing the laboratories expenses. Manufacturers are urged to reconsider the expiry dates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging the Expiry Dates of Two Mycotoxins Standards: Afla and Ochra A

Aridi¹,

Baydoun²,

Sukhn³

2017

MSCE

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“…Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kontaminasi mikotoksin pada rantai makanan disajikan pada Gambar 1. Wacoo et al (2014) menyatakan, aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) merupakan mikotoksin yang paling umum dan banyak mencemari berbagai komoditas pertanian yang digunakan untuk pangan dan pakan, yaitu sebesar 75%. Retnani et al (2011) melaporkan bahwa waktu penyimpanan sangat signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kontaminasi kapang pada pakan sehingga akan menurunkan kualitasnya.…”

Section: Kejadian Mikotoksikosis Pada Bahan Pakan Dan Pakan Ternakunclassified

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

Martindah¹,

Bahri²

2017

WARTAZOA

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Mycotoxins contamination in animal feed is harmful to livestock and leads to residues, such as aflatoxin and its metabolites (aflatoxin M1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin P1) which are deposited in meat, milk, and eggs. The existence of mycotoxins has been widespread; and mycotoxin is the most important contaminant in the food chain because it has implications for human health. Mold growth and mycotoxin production mainly depend on the weather, such as warm temperatures (28-31°C) and high humidity (60-90%). Some types of mold can produce more than one type of mycotoxin and some mycotoxins can be produced by more than one species of fungi. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin present in feed and feedstuffs that have to be controlled. Mycotoxins are not only harmful to the health of consumers, but will also reduce the quality of the product that is contaminated, and cause economic losses. The risk of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed could be reduced by inhibiting the mould growth and toxin production, through crop rotation, using proper fungicides, and applying regulation of mycotoxins maximum limit in feed and food in order to prevent any danger to public health. Key words: Mycotoxin, food chain, health, animal, human ABSTRAKCemaran mikotoksin dalam pakan ternak selain membahayakan kesehatan ternak juga menimbulkan residu, misalnya aflatoksin dan metabolitnya (aflatoksin M1, aflatoksikol, aflatoksin Q1 dan aflatoksin P1) dapat terdeposit pada daging, susu dan telur. Keberadaan mikotoksin telah meluas; dan mikotoksin merupakan kontaminan yang paling penting pada rantai makanan, karena berimplikasi bagi kesehatan manusia. Pertumbuhan kapang dan produksi mikotoksin terutama disebabkan oleh kondisi cuaca, seperti suhu yang hangat (28-31°C) dan kelembaban tinggi (60-90%). Beberapa jenis kapang dapat memproduksi lebih dari satu jenis mikotoksin dan beberapa mikotoksin diproduksi oleh lebih dari satu spesies kapang. Kandungan mikotoksin, khususnya aflatoksin, fumonisin, zearalenon, okratoksin, deoksinivalenol dan toksin T2 terdapat pada komoditas bahan pakan dan pakan sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian untuk dikendalikan. Mikotoksin tidak hanya berbahaya bagi kesehatan konsumen, tetapi juga akan menurunkan kualitas produk yang terkontaminasi sehingga menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar. Risiko kontaminasi mikotoksin pada pakan dapat dikurangi dengan menghambat pertumbuhan jamur dan produksi mikotoksin, rotasi tanaman, penggunaan fungisida dengan tepat dan penerapan regulasi batas maksimum mikotoksin pada pakan dan pangan guna mencegah bahaya lebih lanjut bagi kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Mikotoksin, rantai makanan, kesehatan, ternak, manusia PENDAHULUANMikotoksin adalah metabolit sekunder produk dari kapang berfilamen, dimana dalam beberapa situasi, dapat berkembang pada makanan yang berasal dari tumbuhan maupun dari hewan. Fusarium sp, Aspergillus sp dan Penicillium sp merupakan jenis kapang yang paling umum menghasilkan racun mi...

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“…Among them, the AFM1 and AFQ1 are less reactive and easily eliminated from the body through urination [10]. However, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide is a known mutagen, which is electrophilic in nature and capable of forming covalent bonds with nucleophilic sites of macromolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins [11]. These covalent bond formations determines the formation of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts, which results in mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of AFB1, such as G→T transversion mutation and attacks on the guanine base of DNA.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Afsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Sensing Platforms for Aflatoxins Detection

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Mycotoxin are small (MW~700 Da), toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that readily colonize crops and contaminate them at both pre-and post-harvesting. Among all, aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins of major significance due to their presence in common food commodities and the potential threat to human health worldwide. Based on the severity of illness and increased incidences of AFs poisoning, a broad range of conventional and analytical detection techniques that could be useful and practical have already been reported. However, due to the variety of structural analogous of these toxins, it is impossible to use one common technique for their analysis. Numerous recent research efforts have been directed to explore alternative detection technologies. Recently, immunosensors and aptasensors have gained promising potential in the area of sample preparation and detection systems. These sensors offer the advantages of disposability, portability, miniaturization, and on-site analysis. In a typical design of an aptasensor, an aptamer (ssDNA or RNA) is used as a bio-recognition element either integrated within or in intimate association with the transducer surface. This review paper is focused on the recent advances in electrochemical immunoand aptasensing platforms for detection of AFs in real samples.

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Methods for Detection of Aflatoxins in Agricultural Food Crops

Cited by 191 publications

References 95 publications

Challenging the Expiry Dates of Two Mycotoxins Standards: Afla and Ochra A

Challenging the Expiry Dates of Two Mycotoxins Standards: Afla and Ochra A

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Sensing Platforms for Aflatoxins Detection

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