Methodological contributions towards LC–MS/MS quantification of free VX in plasma: An innovative approach

Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

“…Similar research was done in 2010 by H. John for sarin, soman, tabun, cyclosarin, VX, Chinese VX, Russian VX, chlorpyrifos-oxon, DFP, paraoxonethyl, and profenofos . LC-MS/MS was also used as detection technique for VX in blood plasma and microdialysates. , Chiral quantification of tabun enantiomers in swine blood was carried out by O. Tenberken by GC-PCI-MS . Developed GC-MS can allow for the detection of nerve agents at an exposure level of 1% BuChE inhibition, where ChE activity assay cannot be verified …”

Simultaneous quantification of VX and its toxic metabolite in blood and plasma samples and its application for in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies

“…EA-2192 recovery rate (69%, average value for three concentrations) was slightly below the recovery rate of VX (74%). Quantification data of EA-2192 in biological matrices are not available in the open literature while VX recovery rates of 65% (human plasma [47]), 75% (swine hemolysed blood [2]) and 80-90% (one step direct extraction from guinea pig blood [48]) were published.…”

Lewis acid-assisted detection of nerve agents in water

“…LC/MS/MS and LC/ICP/MS have been used to detect G-agents, V-agents and their degradation products. 17 While these techniques (and others) are still in the development/optimization stage, hydrolysis products have been detected near 1 ppb.…”