Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

Development of micellar system for the decontamination of organophosphorus compounds to clean technological equipment

“…In the presence of SAS, as a rule, 10-100 multiple acceleration of reaction occurs: in some cases the rate of reactions increases by 10 3 -10 4 times [12,13]. These effects are finally found to have been caused by existence of not individual molecules, but rather of associates of a large number of SAS molecules -micelles.…”

“…This particular interest is caused by the fact that they open up new opportunities for adjusting the rates of chemical reactions and studying their mechanism [12,13].…”

Reactivity of Dual-Use Decontaminants with Chemical Warfare Agents

“…Figure 2 Hydrolysis of GD proceeds by phosphorus SN2 nucleophilic attack, which yields the nontoxic product, pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid. 4 With a starting GD concentration of 0.2 mM, any decontaminant solution with a hydroxyl concentration ≥0.4 mM (or pH ≥ 10.6 with no buffer) would provide sufficient capacity to maintain alkaline conditions during the reaction period. The GD results indicated that the buffer in decontaminants E and J maintained an alkaline pH throughout the reaction residence period, despite a slightly lower initial pH.…”

“…1- 4 The liquid phase provides the ideal medium for reaction where solution chemistry may be optimized (e.g., pH, cosolvents, etc.) for the desired chemical reaction.…”

An Evaluation of the Spectral Properties of Nerve Agents for Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…[1][2][3] The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which was organized and came into force in 1997, listed Schedule 1 compounds, including sarin, soman, VX, tabun, mustard gas, etc. to pose the greatest risks as nerve gases.…”