Method of Setting Exit Advance Guide Signs in Highway Tunnels Based on the Driver’s Eye Movement With Markov Chains

Shang, Ting; Lu, Hao; Wu, Peng; Lu, Xin

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056090

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Effective advance guide signs would contribute to the improved service level, road capacity, and operation of urban highways. Some scholars have studied advanced guide signs of closely spaced exit ramps on urban highways [15] and evaluated the effectiveness of traffic guide signs at intersections [24]. No research has been carried out on evaluating the exit advance guide signs according to the trajectory and speed of passenger cars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influences of Exit Advance Guide Signs on the Trajectory and Speed of Passenger Cars in Highway Tunnels

Shang

Lian

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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The driving behavior in highway tunnels is more complicated than that in regular roadbed sections because the former is usually affected by black and white hole effects, tunnel clearance, and bad illumination. Unfortunately, the current Chinese criteria and the Uniform Traffic Control Equipment Manual (MUTCD) 2009 guidelines provide no clear method for setting exit advance guide signs in highway tunnels. Hence, a driving simulator-based experiment was conducted in the current study to analyze the effects of exit advance guide signs on the trajectory, speed, and acceleration of passenger cars in a highway tunnel under three different service levels. It was found that when the service level is first service level, second service level, and third service level, the setting of the exit advance guide signs made the initial transverse location of the vehicle from the tunnel exit advance by 13.39%, 21.20%, and 5.73%, the lane change distance is shortened by 6.34%, 20.18%, and 15.34%, the average speed is decreased by 1.44%, 2.40%, and 0.08%, and the acceleration is decreased to −0.10 m·s−2, −0.11 m·s−2, and −0.06 m·s−2. Thus, the exit guide signs in the tunnel played a certain optimization role in improving the traffic flow state of the section and reducing the traffic accident rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exit advance guide signs in tunnels can significantly improve the safety in highway tunnel-interchange sections [15]. ere are many researches on tunnel exit advance guide signs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Exit Advance Guide Signs on the Trajectory and Speed of Passenger Cars in Highway Tunnels

Shang

Lian

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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“…The proposed guide signs [ 16 ] included location and distance signs. The location sign was set in the middle of the top of the tunnel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have discussed the methods for setting up such signs for tunnel exits on highways. We proposed [ 16 ] the use of separate guide signs in tunnels, which has great potential to improve the safety of highway tunnel-interchange sections. Exit advance guide signs include location and distance signs, which are set separately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-Tracking Evaluation of Exit Advance Guide Signs in Highway Tunnels in Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers

Shang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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As a component of the traffic control plan, traffic signs on highways offer drivers necessary information. Unfortunately, many signs are unfamiliar to or misunderstood by drivers, especially when lacking a setting method; this includes exit advance guide signs in tunnels. These are generally set in roadbed sections, but space limitations in tunnels dictate that they must be set differently. To evaluate the effect of the setting method, an experiment was designed and conducted, during which the eye movements of 44 drivers with different familiarity levels were tracked. Twenty-two of the drivers had not previously participated in any experiment involving exit advance guide signs in highway tunnels, while 22 of them had. Time period data were analyzed, including data from before the sign appeared, when it appeared, and when it disappeared. Based on area division and Markov theory, attributes related to gaze transition were obtained, including one- and two-step gaze transition probabilities and area gaze probabilities. The results showed that gaze transition was confirmed to be significantly different between the three periods and between the drivers. Features extracted from eye movement characteristics, gaze transition paths, and gaze areas demonstrated that visual attention is more dispersed in familiar drivers during the lane-change intention period. Therefore, signs should be placed on the left wall of the highway tunnel.

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“…Prior inputs and the inference of further outputs are regulated by the strength of probabilistic associations [26] which in visual perception can be manifested in the interdependence of successive fixations [27]. Based on this, A Markov chain was used to analyze the influence of separate guide signs on a driver's gaze transition [28]. However, the actual attentional processing of the individual looking at a scene remains "hidden" in the sense that it cannot be observed directly but can be inferred through the gaze movements [29] [30].…”

Section: B Attention Allocation Model Concerning Context Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining tacit knowledge of pilots in flight missions based on visual cognitive graph

Jin¹

2021

Preprint

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<div>As a highly dynamic operating process, flight activity requires a lot of attention from pilots. Thus, it’s quite imperative to give research to their visual attention. Traditional research methods mostly based on qualitative analysis, or hypothetical model, and seldom put context information into their model. However, the underlying knowledge (tacit knowledge) hidden in the different performances of pilot’s attention allocation is context related, and is hard to express by experts, thus it is difficult to use those traditional methods to construct an interaction system. In this paper, we mined attention pattern with scene context to achieve the quantitative analysis of tacit knowledge of pilots during flight tasks, and use the method of data mining as well as attribute graph model to construct visual cognitive graph(s). The attribute graph model was adopted to construct visual cognitive graphs which associate the obtained visual information within the flight context. Based on the model, the attention pattern with scene context was mined to achieve the quantitative analysis of tacit knowledge of pilots during flight tasks. Besides, three physical quantities derived from graph theory was introduced to describe the tacit knowledge, which can be used directly to construct an interaction system: first, key information, which shown as central node in the graph we built, reveals the most important information during flight mission within context; second, relevant information, which contains several nodes that was closely connected and strongly impact the central node, reveals the factors affecting the key information; third, bridge information based on betweenness centrality, which can be regard as the important information bridge(s), reveals the process of decision making. Our work can be directly used to train novice pilots, to guide the interface design, and to construct the adaptive interaction system.</div>

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Method of Setting Exit Advance Guide Signs in Highway Tunnels Based on the Driver’s Eye Movement With Markov Chains

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Influences of Exit Advance Guide Signs on the Trajectory and Speed of Passenger Cars in Highway Tunnels

Influences of Exit Advance Guide Signs on the Trajectory and Speed of Passenger Cars in Highway Tunnels

Eye-Tracking Evaluation of Exit Advance Guide Signs in Highway Tunnels in Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers

Mining tacit knowledge of pilots in flight missions based on visual cognitive graph

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