The CRISPR diagnostic (CRISPR-Dx) technology that employs the trans-cleavage activities has shown great potential in diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, convenience, and portability, and has been recognized as the next-generation diagnostic methods. However, due to the lack of standardized definition of Cas trans-cleavage enzymatic units, it is difficult to standardize the present CRISPR-Dx systems, which have undoubtedly impeded the development of the CRISPR-Dx industry. To solve the problem, we here first systematically optimized the reaction systems for Cas12a, and then defined its trans-cleavage units (transU), which we believe will be of great importance and interest to researchers in both molecular diagnostic industry and basic research. Moreover, a simple protocol was provided to facilitate a step-by-step measurement of the Cas12a transU, which can also act as a reference for the definition of the transU for other Cas proteins.

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Fertilizer application, especially their physical and chemical composition, substantially regulates crop growth and development. The form in which fertilizers are applied to the soil has always been regarded as a crucial factor regulating nutrient availability. However, the properties and release characteristics of Mg fertilizers, i.e., fast-release Mg (F-Mg) and slow-release Mg (S-Mg), have not been fully elucidated in acidic soils. This study characterized the different Mg fertilizers, and their release characteristics were verified through pot (using soybean) and field (using pomelo) experiments. The results showed that, despite the differences between different Mg fertilizers, the same functional group peaks were recorded among them. F-Mg fertilizers had a low pH and low Mg purity, while S-Mg fertilizers had a high pH and high Mg purity. The release rate and leaching characteristics of the F-Mg fertilizers were higher than the S-Mg fertilizers. The pot experiment showed that the yield and growth of soybean were higher under the S-Mg fertilizer than the F-Mg fertilizer. However, MgSO4·7H2O and MgO had the best effect among the F-Mg and S-Mg fertilizers, respectively. The effects of these two fertilizers were further validated using field experiments, and it was found that MgSO4·7H2O and MgO fertilizers substantially improved the yield and quality of pomelo. However, MgO showed a better effect than MgSO4·7H2O. This study can provide a sound theoretical basis for selecting the most efficient type of Mg fertilizer for acid soils. It can contribute valuable information regarding farmland management strategies and may result in sustainable agricultural productivity.

Researchers and policy makers are always paying attention to the problems of the development of finance and poverty alleviation. As the development of economic in the world, finance changes for the better day by day, and the availability of financial services increases; for a long time, the financial systems are not perfect in most developing countries and it may cause problems such as the income inequality which results in the growing gap between the rich and poor. For most developing countries, they must face the problem of how to alleviate poverty. Financial development is measured by inclusive finance in this paper but not the scale or efficiency of financial development as before. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between inclusive finance and the gap of rich and poor through the panal data of Asian, African and Latin American countries from 2004 to 2013 by using generalized method of moments method.

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