Metastatic tumors of the skin

Brownstein, Martin H.; Helwig, Elson B.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197205)29:5<1298::aid-cncr2820290526>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 430 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Studies performed during the past 50 years found that about 1 to 5 % of all visceral malignancies form skin metastasis [9]. Nevertheless, the prevalence may increase due to the longer survival of cancer patients [10][11][12]. Although skin is usually involved in a later stage of progression, it is the first sign of dissemination in a small fraction of cases [13][14][15].…”

Section: Homage a Pagetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor type-specific and skin region-selective metastasis of human cancers: another example of the “seed and soil” hypothesis

Kovács

Hegedűs

Kenessey

et al. 2013

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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Metastasis of human cancer is an organ-selective process that is determined by anatomical and biological factors as well as by specific microenvironmental properties. Dissemination of visceral malignancies to the skin is rather rare and usually occurs in a later stage of the disease. Using statistical approaches, both positive (renal and lung cancers) and negative (pancreatic and liver cancers) organ preferences can be identified in a variety of cancers. While certain cancer types are characterized by random distribution for skin metastasis (liver cancer), a number of cancers demonstrate a colonization preference to the region of origin: lung cancer to the supradiaphragmatic (mostly chest) and colorectal cancers to the infradiaphragmatic (abdominal) skin regions. In certain cases, however, skin metastasis develops more frequently at specific distant locations, as evidenced by the dissemination of renal cancer at the head and neck region. These findings are clinically relevant and useful especially in patients where skin metastasis is the first indication of a malignancy. Nevertheless, it is a strong argument for the predominant role of microenvironmental factors in cancer dissemination. On the other hand, skin metastases of visceral cancers provide a unique model to analyze the pathomechanisms determining organ selectivity, including the organ-specific vascularization, the dermatome-specific innervation, or immunological and developmental factors.

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Section: Homage a Pagetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor type-specific and skin region-selective metastasis of human cancers: another example of the “seed and soil” hypothesis

Kovács

Hegedűs

Kenessey

et al. 2013

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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“…270,288 The metastatic renal cell tumors often have granular debris in their stroma and a finely arborizing vascular pattern. In the modern era, the use of antibodies to TTF enables easy distinction of pulmonary primary large cell carcinomata in which TTF is almost uniformly expressed, from those clear cell carcinomas primary in the skin in which TTF studies are negative.…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A proportion of clear cell neoplasms of ovary, kidney and endometrium may have a hobnail pattern which is absent in the primary cutaneous clear cell carcinoma. 270,[288][289][290] As with other eccrine cancers, the clear cell variant expresses CEA, which is uniformly negative in renal cell cancer and typically is also not expressed in neoplasms of ovary and endometrium. 278 …”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…127,220,270 Clinical history then becomes essential to proper interpretation. 143 This primary skin tumor is typically a slow-growing lesion up to 5 cm in diameter, present for months or years prior to presentation.…”

Section: Introduction and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore quite distinctive from secondary deposits of breast cancer in the skin, which typically occur either in the skin of the ipsilateral anterior chest wall or axilla, or occur as multiple disseminated metastatic seeds in a widespread disposition. 270,271 Like primary breast cancers and like the aggressive digital papillary adenoma/ low-grade papillary adenocarcinoma of the digits, primary ductal eccrine adenocarcinoma is an aggressive tumor that has a high risk of disseminated metastatic seeding.…”

Section: Introduction and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malignant adnexal neoplasms

2006

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Malignant cutaneous adnexal neoplasms are one of the most challenging areas of dermatopathology. Tumors of the pilosebaceous apparatus can occur as single-lineage neoplasms or may manifest as complex proliferations with multilineal differentiation patterns including not only the germinative component of the hair bulb, the inner or outer root sheath epithelium and the sebaceous gland and duct, but also the sweat duct components that relate to the apocrine secretory apparatus which empties into the follicle near the follicular bulge. Eccrine and apocrine neoplasms present a bewildering array of morphologies, which often defy precise classification. The purpose of this review is to discuss in detail the malignant neoplasms of the cutaneous adnexae and their benign and prognostically indeterminate mimics. Modern Pathology (2006) 19, S93-S126. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800511Keywords: eccrine carcinoma; sebaceous neoplasia Malignant tumors of the pilosebaceous apparatus, their mimics and precursors IntroductionTumors of the pilosebaceous unit can occur in isolation or in combination with complex proliferations showing multilineal differentiation patterns encompassing those of sweat ducts, epidermis and stroma with its varied components. In this review, we will focus upon the malignant adnexal proliferations, considering benign entities mainly insofar as they impact the diagnostic approach to adnexal carcinoma. We will first turn to the malignant sebaceous neoplasms, their precursors and their mimics. Sebaceous adenoma Clinical FeaturesThe sebaceous adenoma is a benign neoplasm that manifests clinically as a pale yellow nodular lesion, typically of the face, that expresses itself clinically after the age of 50. Tumors range in size from o1 to 45 cm. [1][2][3][4][5][6] These lesions are associated with the Muir-Torre syndrome, comprising the coexpression of cutaneous neoplasms, including those of sebaceous type with well-differentiated squamous epithelial neoplasms, and visceral malignancies, including carcinomas of the breast, ovary, gastrointestinal tract and larynx. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] An occasional patient may manifest a malignant lymphoma of nodal or extranodal type. 10,12,14 Sebaceous neoplasms in the setting of Muir-Torre syndrome are often difficult to classify, showing overlap features between all of the prototypic forms of sebaceous neoplasm ranging from hyperplasia to carcinoma. 13 HistologyThe prototypic sebaceous adenoma manifests 1-2 layers of germinitive cells which mature to form central sebocytes, and have an architecture comprising a sharply circumscribed sebaceous lobule surrounded by a compressed pseudocapsule of dermal stroma ( Figure 1a). The overlying epidermis may be attenuated, but sometimes forms a collarette around the peripheral aspect of the neoplasm. Unlike sebaceous hyperplasia, occasional mitoses may be seen in the lobules of a sebaceous adenoma and in concert with this nucleoli may be somewhat prominent, but the pleomorphism, hyperchromasia and individual cell necrosis of the se...

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Trichilemmoma. Analysis of 40 new cases

Brownstein¹

1973

Archives of Dermatology

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Metastatic tumors of the skin

Cited by 430 publications

References 26 publications

Tumor type-specific and skin region-selective metastasis of human cancers: another example of the “seed and soil” hypothesis

Tumor type-specific and skin region-selective metastasis of human cancers: another example of the “seed and soil” hypothesis

Malignant adnexal neoplasms

Trichilemmoma. Analysis of 40 new cases

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