Tumor type-specific and skin region-selective metastasis of human cancers: another example of the “seed and soil” hypothesis

Kovács, Kristóf; Hegedűs, Balázs; Kenessey, István; Tı́már, József

doi:10.1007/s10555-013-9418-8

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The reasons why these organs are rarely involved in cancers including NSCLC are as follows. K. A. Kovács, et al [ 15 ] proposed that the skin only shared 5 % of the cardiac output of blood at resting condition, and was a very active part of immune system. The rarity of skeletal muscle metastases has been attributed to changes in pH, metabolite accumulation, variable blood flow, and variation in tissue pressure [ 16 – 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and prognosis of uncommon metastases from non-small cell lung cancer

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAccording to the literature and our experience, the most common sites of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastases include the brain, bone, liver, adrenal glands, contralateral lung and distant lymph nodes. Metastases to other organs are relatively rare. There have been numerous case reports and a few small case series of uncommon metastases derived from NSCLC.MethodsWe defined all organs except the common metastatic sites mentioned above as uncommon sites of metastasis. Patients with uncommon metastases among 2,872 consecutive NSCLC patients with stage IV disease at the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) from 2006 to 2012 were included in this study. The diagnosis of uncommon metastases was based on pathology or imaging studies.ResultsUncommon metastases were diagnosed in 193 cases at anatomical sites such as the soft tissue, kidney, pancreas, spleen, peritoneum, intestine, bone marrow, eye, ovary, thyroid, heart, breast, tonsil and nasal cavity. Uncommon metastases were identified as independent poor prognostic factors through a multivariate analysis with a HR (hazard ratio) of 1.29 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.52, P < 0.01]. Those patients who received systemic therapy plus local treatment had a better survival rate than did those who received systemic therapy only (P < 0.01); all patients received best supportive care.ConclusionsMetastases to the above mentioned sites are infrequent. The presentation of uncommon metastases tends to indicate a poor outcome, and selected patients may benefit from local treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and prognosis of uncommon metastases from non-small cell lung cancer

et al. 2016

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“…patients, was followed by quantitative RT-PCR-based assay to be validated (26). Gastric cancer cells must acquire an aggressive phenotype to form hematogenous metastasis (27,28) and therefore may express molecules with activities that differ from those of cancer cells that invade the peritoneum and lymph nodes. To test this hypothesis, we designed a recurrence pattern-specific transcrip-tome analysis strategy to identify genes that were specifically upregulated in each recurrence pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer

Tanaka

Kanda

Miwa

et al. 2018

Molecular Cancer Research

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Hematogenous recurrence is a challenging clinical finding that often leads to fatalities of patients with gastric cancer. Therefore, the identification of specific biomarkers and potential therapeutic target molecules for hematogenous recurrence is required to improve the outcomes of these patients. Here, transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to uncover candidate molecules differentially expressed in patients with hematogenous recurrence of gastric cancer. One potential candidate identified was asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 (), and siRNA experiments were conducted to determine the effect of manipulating expression has on cell phenotypes. mRNA expression analysis using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR was conducted with stage II/III gastric cancer clinical specimens ( = 95). Transcript levels were increased in gastric cancer cells as compared with a control nontumorigenic epithelial cell line. Knockdown of decreased the adhesion and migration potential. Thus, although gastric cancer cell-invasive activity was significantly decreased by knockdown, forced expression of promoted invasive activity. Using a mouse hepatic metastasis model, knockdown of resulted in the absence of hepatic metastasis formation. High expression in primary gastric cancer tissues was an independent predictor of shorter disease-free and overall survival. Finally, patients with high expression were more likely to have a high cumulative rate of hematogenous recurrence but not peritoneal or nodal recurrence. expression is associated with the malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer and represents a specific biomarker of hematogenous recurrences after curative resection for gastric cancer. .

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“…Most skin metastases occur in regions close to the primary cancer. A number of cancers demonstrate a colonization preference to the region of origin: lung cancer to the supradiaphragmatic (mostly chest) and colorectal cancers to the infradiaphragmatic (abdominal) skin regions [ 19 , 20 ]. It was also found that cancer of the upper lobes of the lungs have a greater tendency to metastasizing in skin [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also found that cancer of the upper lobes of the lungs have a greater tendency to metastasizing in skin [ 21 , 22 ]. These findings are clinically relevant and useful especially in patients where skin metastasis is the first indication of a malignancy [ 20 ]. Metastasis of human cancer is an organ-selective process that is determined by anatomical and biological factors as well as by specific microenvironmental properties [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings are clinically relevant and useful especially in patients where skin metastasis is the first indication of a malignancy [ 20 ]. Metastasis of human cancer is an organ-selective process that is determined by anatomical and biological factors as well as by specific microenvironmental properties [ 20 ]. The precise mechanisms determining the tropism of lung cancer for skin remain unsolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin metastases from lung cancer: a case report

et al. 2015

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BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, with high mortality rates. It can metastasize in almost all organs, but more often invades hilar nodes, liver, adrenal glands, bones and brain. There are various data on the incidence of lung cancer metastases in the skin. In 1-12% of patients with lung cancer are developed skin metastases. Metastases in the skin may be the first sign of lung cancer.Case presentationForty-five years old Albanian male, smoker, was admitted to our department with multiple nodules localized in the skin of the head, neck, back and chest. The nodules measuring 5–15 millimeters in greatest dimension were round and skin-colored, with telangiectasias, firm and tender. They appeared in an eruptive form about two weeks before being admitted at our hospital. In addition, the patient exhibited signs of weight loss, anorexia and fatigue.Excisional biopsy was performed to one of the lesions. Histopathology confirmed metastatic nature of the lesion namely, malignant tumor of neuroendocrine phenotype consistent with small-cell carcinoma.Chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed an expansive process in the 7th segment of the left lung, left hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and a suspicious initial secondary deposit in the left adrenal gland. The patient was referred to the department of oncology for further treatment. After the third cycle of chemotherapy, the magnetic resonance imaging revealed brain metastases. The patient passed away four months after the diagnosis of lung cancer first presented with skin metastases.ConclusionsMetastases in skin may be the first sign of lung cancer. Although rare appearing, we should raise suspicion in cases of atypical lesions in the skin not only of the smokers, but also of the non-smokers. Skin metastases from small-cell lung carcinoma are a poor prognostic indicator. The appearance of multiple skin metastases with other internal metastases shorten the survival time.

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Tumor type-specific and skin region-selective metastasis of human cancers: another example of the “seed and soil” hypothesis

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Distribution and prognosis of uncommon metastases from non-small cell lung cancer

Distribution and prognosis of uncommon metastases from non-small cell lung cancer

Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer

Skin metastases from lung cancer: a case report

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