Metamaterial‐Based Maxwell's Fisheye Lens for Multimode Waveguide Crossing

Xu, Hongnan; Shi, Yaocheng

doi:10.1002/lpor.201800094

Cited by 100 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The silicon metamaterial has attracted much attention for its low loss and easy fabrication, leading to wide utility, for example, invisible cloaking, flattened lens, and anomalous refraction . Recently, the silicon metamaterial has been introduced to realize high‐performance nanophotonic devices, for example, bent multi‐mode waveguides, multi‐mode crossings, colorless couplers, and polarization‐insensitive couplers . Subwavelength grating (SWG) is a kind of metamaterial formed by a 1D array of deeply subwavelength nano‐strips .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Broadband and Ultra‐Compact On‐Chip Silicon Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Hetero‐Anisotropic Metamaterials

Dai

Shi

2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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131

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The polarization beam splitter (PBS) is an essential component in the polarization diversity circuit to overcome the strong polarization dependence of silicon nanophotonic devices. Among various PBS structures, the asymmetrical directional couplers (ADCs) are most commonly used due to the best overall performances. However, it is still challenging to realize an on‐chip silicon PBS with a small footprint, low loss, high extinction ratio, and, especially, broad bandwidth, simultaneously. The working bandwidth is limited for ADCs, since the wavelength difference will introduce deviations to both the effective indices and the coupling strength, which would distort the phase‐matching property and the optimal coupling length. In this paper, an on‐chip silicon PBS is proposed and demonstrated using “effective medium anisotropy” instead of “configuration asymmetry” to break the bandwidth bottleneck. The metamaterials with engineered anisotropy and dispersion are utilized to form a hetero‐anisotropic slab. For TM polarization, the slab performs as a multi‐mode interference coupler, while for TE polarization, the slab performs as two isolated waveguides. The fabricated PBS shows low loss <1 dB, high extinction ratio >20 dB, and a record working bandwidth >200 nm, with a footprint as small as 12.25 × 1.9 µm2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Broadband and Ultra‐Compact On‐Chip Silicon Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Hetero‐Anisotropic Metamaterials

Dai

Shi

2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Self Cite

131

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“…Multimode waveguide crossings are the essential components in high-density and large-scale on-chip MDM optical network. Over the past decades, many schemes have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated including conventional MMI coupler [33][34][35], Maxwell's fisheye lens [36][37][38] and inverse-designed MMI coupler [39]. The demonstrated devices with the high performance of compact footprint, low insertion loss and low crosstalk will show great potential in practical applications for high-density and large-scale MDM systems.…”

Section: Multimode Waveguide Crossingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Multimode waveguide crossing using transformation optics-based Maxwell's fisheye lens [37]. (c) Multimode waveguide crossing using metamaterial-based Maxwell's fisheye lens [38]. scheme could be easily expanded to implement more modes.…”

Section: Multimode Waveguide Crossing Based Conventional MMI Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transformation optics offers a new route to manipulate light propagation via spatial coordinate transformations to design and realize many marvellous optical devices, including hyperlenses [44,45], optical invisibility cloaks [46,47] and on-chip integrated optical devices [48][49][50]. Recently, the Maxwell's fisheye lens (MFL) based on transformation optics (TO) designing has attracted a considerable attention to design on-chip integrated single-mode or multimode waveguide crossings [36][37][38]51]. Maxwell's fisheye lens is a cylindrical or spherical lens with a gradient index (GRIN) profile, which could focus rays emanating from a point on the boundary of the lens to a conjugate point of the diagonally opposite side.…”

Section: Multimode Waveguide Crossing Based Maxwell's Fisheye Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach is that one use the metamaterial-based Maxwell's fisheye lens to form the equivalent gradient index profile and fabricate the multimode waveguide crossings [38]. The index-engineered silicon metamaterial is utilized to obtain the Maxwell's fisheye lens on the silicon-on-insulator platform.…”

Section: Multimode Waveguide Crossing Based Maxwell's Fisheye Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicon-based multimode waveguide crossings

Chang

Zhang

2020

J. Phys. Photonics

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Mode multiplexing technique is a new promising option to increase the transmission capacity of on-chip optical interconnects. Multimode waveguide crossings are the key building blocks in high-density and large-scale mode division multiplexing silicon photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we review the recent progresses on silicon-based multimode waveguide crossings. Firstly, a variety of multimode waveguide crossing schemes are demonstrated and introduced including conventional multimode interference coupler, Maxwell's fisheye lens and inverse-designed multimode interference coupler. Secondly, we also discuss some emerging applications of the inverse design algorithm in the multimode silicon devices to realize ultracompact footprint and multiple functionalities. Finally, we also give the outlook of the development prospects of on-chip multimode waveguide crossings.

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From Single‐Dimensional to Multidimensional Manipulation of Optical Waves with Metasurfaces

et al. 2019

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given refractive indices. The limited refractive indices of natural materials prevent the generation of new optical phenomena. The size and weight of traditional optical devices also prevent optical system miniaturization and integration. Nowadays, there is an everincreasing demand for new approaches to implement the effective manipulation of optical waves in different dimensions and to get the novel optical devices on demand.With the development of nanofabrication technology, artificial nanostructures become approachable which offer a promising solution to the achievement of efficient manipulation of optical waves in different dimensions. Metamaterials, which attain their optical functionalities from the subwavelength structures rather than their constitutive materials, provided intriguing possibilities for the evolution of modern optics and have attracted great interest from the scientific community over the past twenty years. [1][2][3] By judiciously modulating their subwavelength structure parameters, the effective values of the permeability and permittivity of the metamaterials can be designed on purpose to realize the manipulation of optical waves in a spectific dimension and to get the desirable optical functionalities, which are even not achievable with natural materials. Previous works have demonstrated that metamaterials can be widely applied in realizing negative refractive index, [4][5][6] electromagnetic invisibility cloaks, [7,8] optical black holes, [9] chiral media, [10,11] and so on. However, the commercialization of metamaterial-based optical devices in real applications is still challenging, which we ascribe to the strong dispersion and high losses associated with typically used metallic structures, and also the difficult and costly fabrication for 3D designs.Recently, planar metamaterials or metasurfaces have received great attention for their advantages to meet these challenges. [12][13][14] Compared to metamaterials, metasurfaces, as artificial planar designs, have dramatically reduced the fabrication complexity. Moreover, the thickness of metasurfaces is less than or similar to the wavelength of operating waves, which results in the reduction of the undesirable losses and offers an effective manner for implementing tunable and reconfigurable optical devices. Overall, metasurfaces provide an effective way to overcome the challenges in metamaterials, and it has been successfully proven that metasurfaces are more feasible for the engineering of the fundamental dimensions of optical Metasurfaces, 2D artificial arrays of subwavelength elements, have attracted great interest from the optical scientific community in recent years because they provide versatile possibilities for the manipulation of optical waves and promise an effective way for miniaturization and integration of optical devices. In the past decade, the main efforts were focused on the realization of single-dimensional (amplitude, frequency, polarization, or phase) manipulation of optical waves. Compared to the metasurfaces with sing...

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Metamaterial‐Based Maxwell's Fisheye Lens for Multimode Waveguide Crossing

Cited by 100 publications

References 43 publications

Ultra‐Broadband and Ultra‐Compact On‐Chip Silicon Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Hetero‐Anisotropic Metamaterials

Ultra‐Broadband and Ultra‐Compact On‐Chip Silicon Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Hetero‐Anisotropic Metamaterials

Silicon-based multimode waveguide crossings

From Single‐Dimensional to Multidimensional Manipulation of Optical Waves with Metasurfaces

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